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@ -263,96 +263,80 @@ namespace storm { |
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return pomdp.getObservation(belief.begin()->first); |
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} |
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struct FreudenthalData { |
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FreudenthalData(StateType const& pomdpState, StateType const& dimension, BeliefValueType const& x) : pomdpState(pomdpState), dimension(dimension), value(storm::utility::floor(x)), diff(x-value) { }; |
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StateType pomdpState; |
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struct FreudenthalDiff { |
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FreudenthalDiff(StateType const& dimension, BeliefValueType&& diff) : dimension(dimension), diff(std::move(diff)) { }; |
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StateType dimension; // i |
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BeliefValueType value; // v[i] in the Lovejoy paper |
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BeliefValueType diff; // d[i] in the Lovejoy paper |
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}; |
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struct FreudenthalDataComparator { |
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bool operator()(FreudenthalData const& first, FreudenthalData const& second) const { |
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if (first.diff != second.diff) { |
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return first.diff > second.diff; |
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BeliefValueType diff; // d[i] |
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bool operator>(FreudenthalDiff const& other) const { |
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if (diff != other.diff) { |
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return diff > other.diff; |
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} else { |
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return first.dimension < second.dimension; |
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return dimension < other.dimension; |
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} |
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} |
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}; |
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Triangulation triangulateBelief(BeliefType belief, uint64_t resolution) { |
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//TODO Enable chaching for this method? |
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STORM_LOG_ASSERT(assertBelief(belief), "Input belief for triangulation is not valid."); |
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auto convResolution = storm::utility::convertNumber<BeliefValueType>(resolution); |
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// This is the Freudenthal Triangulation as described in Lovejoy (a whole lotta math) |
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// Variable names are based on the paper |
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// However, we speed this up a little by exploiting that belief states usually have sparse support. |
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// TODO: for the sorting, it probably suffices to have a map from diffs to dimensions. The other Freudenthaldata could then also be stored in vectors, which would be a bit more like the original algorithm |
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// Initialize some data |
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std::vector<typename std::set<FreudenthalData, FreudenthalDataComparator>::iterator> dataIterators; |
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dataIterators.reserve(belief.size()); |
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// Initialize first row of 'qs' matrix |
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std::vector<BeliefValueType> qsRow; |
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qsRow.reserve(dataIterators.size()); |
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std::set<FreudenthalData, FreudenthalDataComparator> freudenthalData; |
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BeliefValueType x = convResolution; |
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for (auto const& entry : belief) { |
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auto insertionIt = freudenthalData.emplace(entry.first, dataIterators.size(), x).first; |
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dataIterators.push_back(insertionIt); |
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qsRow.push_back(dataIterators.back()->value); |
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x -= entry.second * convResolution; |
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} |
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qsRow.push_back(storm::utility::zero<BeliefValueType>()); |
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assert(!freudenthalData.empty()); |
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StateType numEntries = belief.size(); |
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Triangulation result; |
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result.weights.reserve(freudenthalData.size()); |
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result.gridPoints.reserve(freudenthalData.size()); |
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// Insert first grid point |
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// TODO: this special treatment is actually not necessary. |
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BeliefValueType firstWeight = storm::utility::one<ValueType>() - freudenthalData.begin()->diff + freudenthalData.rbegin()->diff; |
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if (!cc.isZero(firstWeight)) { |
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result.weights.push_back(firstWeight); |
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BeliefType gridPoint; |
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for (StateType j = 0; j < dataIterators.size(); ++j) { |
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BeliefValueType gridPointEntry = qsRow[j] - qsRow[j + 1]; |
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if (!cc.isZero(gridPointEntry)) { |
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gridPoint[dataIterators[j]->pomdpState] = gridPointEntry / convResolution; |
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} |
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// Quickly triangulate Dirac beliefs |
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if (numEntries == 1u) { |
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result.weights.push_back(storm::utility::one<BeliefValueType>()); |
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result.gridPoints.push_back(getOrAddBeliefId(belief)); |
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} else { |
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auto convResolution = storm::utility::convertNumber<BeliefValueType>(resolution); |
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// This is the Freudenthal Triangulation as described in Lovejoy (a whole lotta math) |
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// Variable names are mostly based on the paper |
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// However, we speed this up a little by exploiting that belief states usually have sparse support (i.e. numEntries is much smaller than pomdp.getNumberOfStates()). |
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// Initialize diffs and the first row of the 'qs' matrix (aka v) |
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std::set<FreudenthalDiff, std::greater<FreudenthalDiff>> sorted_diffs; // d (and p?) in the paper |
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std::vector<BeliefValueType> qsRow; // Row of the 'qs' matrix from the paper (initially corresponds to v |
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qsRow.reserve(numEntries); |
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std::vector<StateType> toOriginalIndicesMap; // Maps 'local' indices to the original pomdp state indices |
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toOriginalIndicesMap.reserve(numEntries); |
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BeliefValueType x = convResolution; |
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for (auto const& entry : belief) { |
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qsRow.push_back(storm::utility::floor(x)); // v |
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sorted_diffs.emplace(toOriginalIndicesMap.size(), x - qsRow.back()); // x-v |
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toOriginalIndicesMap.push_back(entry.first); |
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x -= entry.second * convResolution; |
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} |
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result.gridPoints.push_back(getOrAddBeliefId(gridPoint)); |
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} |
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if (freudenthalData.size() > 1) { |
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// Insert remaining grid points |
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auto currentSortedEntry = freudenthalData.begin(); |
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auto previousSortedEntry = currentSortedEntry++; |
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for (StateType i = 1; i < dataIterators.size(); ++i) { |
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// 'compute' the next row of the qs matrix |
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qsRow[previousSortedEntry->dimension] += storm::utility::one<BeliefValueType>(); |
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BeliefValueType weight = previousSortedEntry->diff - currentSortedEntry->diff; |
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// Insert a dummy 0 column in the qs matrix so the loops below are a bit simpler |
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qsRow.push_back(storm::utility::zero<BeliefValueType>()); |
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result.weights.reserve(numEntries); |
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result.gridPoints.reserve(numEntries); |
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auto currentSortedDiff = sorted_diffs.begin(); |
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auto previousSortedDiff = sorted_diffs.end(); |
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--previousSortedDiff; |
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for (StateType i = 0; i < numEntries; ++i) { |
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// Compute the weight for the grid points |
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BeliefValueType weight = previousSortedDiff->diff - currentSortedDiff->diff; |
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if (i == 0) { |
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// The first weight is a bit different |
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weight += storm::utility::one<ValueType>(); |
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} else { |
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// 'compute' the next row of the qs matrix |
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qsRow[previousSortedDiff->dimension] += storm::utility::one<BeliefValueType>(); |
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} |
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if (!cc.isZero(weight)) { |
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result.weights.push_back(weight); |
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// Compute the grid point |
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BeliefType gridPoint; |
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for (StateType j = 0; j < dataIterators.size(); ++j) { |
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for (StateType j = 0; j < numEntries; ++j) { |
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BeliefValueType gridPointEntry = qsRow[j] - qsRow[j + 1]; |
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if (!cc.isZero(gridPointEntry)) { |
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gridPoint[dataIterators[j]->pomdpState] = gridPointEntry / convResolution; |
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gridPoint[toOriginalIndicesMap[j]] = gridPointEntry / convResolution; |
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} |
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} |
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result.gridPoints.push_back(getOrAddBeliefId(gridPoint)); |
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} |
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++previousSortedEntry; |
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++currentSortedEntry; |
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previousSortedDiff = currentSortedDiff++; |
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} |
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} |
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STORM_LOG_ASSERT(assertTriangulation(belief, result), "Incorrect triangulation: " << toString(result)); |
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return result; |
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} |
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