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// CSMA/CD protocol - probabilistic version of kronos model (3 stations)
// gxn/dxp 04/12/01
mdp
// note made changes since cannot have strict inequalities
// in digital clocks approach and suppose a station only sends one message
// simplified parameters scaled
const int sigma=1; // time for messages to propagate along the bus
const int lambda=30; // time to send a message
// actual parameters
const int N = 2; // number of processes
const int K = 2; // exponential backoff limit
const int slot = 2*sigma; // length of slot
// const int M = floor(pow(2, K))-1 ; // max number of slots to wait
const int M = 3 ; // max number of slots to wait
//const int lambda=782;
//const int sigma=26;
// formula min_backoff_after_success = min(s1=4?cd1:K+1,s2=4?cd2:K+1);
// formula min_collisions = min(cd1,cd2);
// formula max_collisions = max(cd1,cd2);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// the bus
module bus
b : [0..2];
// b=0 - idle
// b=1 - active
// b=2 - collision
// clocks of bus
y1 : [0..sigma+1]; // time since first send (used find time until channel sensed busy)
y2 : [0..sigma+1]; // time since second send (used to find time until collision detected)
// a sender sends (ok - no other message being sent)
[send1] (b=0) -> (b'=1);
[send2] (b=0) -> (b'=1);
// a sender sends (bus busy - collision)
[send1] (b=1|b=2) & (y1<sigma) -> (b'=2);
[send2] (b=1|b=2) & (y1<sigma) -> (b'=2);
// finish sending
[end1] (b=1) -> (b'=0) & (y1'=0);
[end2] (b=1) -> (b'=0) & (y1'=0);
// bus busy
[busy1] (b=1|b=2) & (y1>=sigma) -> (b'=b);
[busy2] (b=1|b=2) & (y1>=sigma) -> (b'=b);
// collision detected
[cd] (b=2) & (y2<=sigma) -> (b'=0) & (y1'=0) & (y2'=0);
// time passage
[time] (b=0) -> (y1'=0); // value of y1/y2 does not matter in state 0
[time] (b=1) -> (y1'=min(y1+1,sigma+1)); // no invariant in state 1
[time] (b=2) & (y2<sigma) -> (y1'=min(y1+1,sigma+1)) & (y2'=min(y2+1,sigma+1)); // invariant in state 2 (time until collision detected)
endmodule
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// model of first sender
module station1
// LOCAL STATE
s1 : [0..5];
// s1=0 - initial state
// s1=1 - transmit
// s1=2 - collision (set backoff)
// s1=3 - wait (bus busy)
// s1=4 - successfully sent
// LOCAL CLOCK
x1 : [0..max(lambda,slot)];
// BACKOFF COUNTER (number of slots to wait)
bc1 : [0..M];
// COLLISION COUNTER
cd1 : [0..K];
// start sending
[send1] (s1=0) -> (s1'=1) & (x1'=0); // start sending
[busy1] (s1=0) -> (s1'=2) & (x1'=0) & (cd1'=min(K,cd1+1)); // detects channel is busy so go into backoff
// transmitting
[time] (s1=1) & (x1<lambda) -> (x1'=min(x1+1,lambda)); // let time pass
[end1] (s1=1) & (x1=lambda) -> (s1'=4) & (x1'=0); // finished
[cd] (s1=1) -> (s1'=2) & (x1'=0) & (cd1'=min(K,cd1+1)); // collision detected (increment backoff counter)
[cd] !(s1=1) -> (s1'=s1); // add loop for collision detection when not important
// set backoff (no time can pass in this state)
// probability depends on which transmission this is (cd1)
[] s1=2 & cd1=1 -> 1/2 : (s1'=3) & (bc1'=0) + 1/2 : (s1'=3) & (bc1'=1) ;
[] s1=2 & cd1=2 -> 1/4 : (s1'=3) & (bc1'=0) + 1/4 : (s1'=3) & (bc1'=1) + 1/4 : (s1'=3) & (bc1'=2) + 1/4 : (s1'=3) & (bc1'=3) ;
// wait until backoff counter reaches 0 then send again
[time] (s1=3) & (x1<slot) -> (x1'=x1+1); // let time pass (in slot)
[time] (s1=3) & (x1=slot) & (bc1>0) -> (x1'=1) & (bc1'=bc1-1); // let time pass (move slots)
[send1] (s1=3) & (x1=slot) & (bc1=0) -> (s1'=1) & (x1'=0); // finished backoff (bus appears free)
[busy1] (s1=3) & (x1=slot) & (bc1=0) -> (s1'=2) & (x1'=0) & (cd1'=min(K,cd1+1)); // finished backoff (bus busy)
// once finished nothing matters
[time] (s1>=4) -> (x1'=0);
endmodule
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// construct further stations through renaming
module station2=station1[s1=s2,x1=x2,cd1=cd2,bc1=bc2,send1=send2,busy1=busy2,end1=end2] endmodule
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// reward structure for expected time
rewards "time"
[time] true : 1;
endrewards
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// labels/formulae
label "all_delivered" = s1=4&s2=4;
label "one_delivered" = s1=4|s2=4;
label "collision_max_backoff" = (cd1=K & s1=1 & b=2)|(cd2=K & s2=1 & b=2);