#include "src/builder/DdPrismModelBuilder.h"
#include <boost/algorithm/string/join.hpp>
#include "src/models/symbolic/Dtmc.h"
#include "src/models/symbolic/Ctmc.h"
#include "src/models/symbolic/Mdp.h"
#include "src/models/symbolic/StandardRewardModel.h"
#include "src/storage/dd/DdManager.h"
#include "src/settings/SettingsManager.h"
#include "src/exceptions/InvalidStateException.h"
#include "src/exceptions/NotSupportedException.h"
#include "src/exceptions/InvalidArgumentException.h"
#include "src/utility/prism.h"
#include "src/utility/math.h"
#include "src/storage/prism/Program.h"
#include "src/storage/prism/Compositions.h"
#include "src/storage/dd/Add.h"
#include "src/storage/dd/cudd/CuddAddIterator.h"
#include "src/storage/dd/Bdd.h"
#include "src/settings/modules/MarkovChainSettings.h"
namespace storm {
namespace builder {
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
class DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::GenerationInformation {
public:
GenerationInformation(storm::prism::Program const& program) : program(program), manager(std::make_shared<storm::dd::DdManager<Type>>()), rowMetaVariables(), variableToRowMetaVariableMap(), rowExpressionAdapter(nullptr), columnMetaVariables(), variableToColumnMetaVariableMap(), columnExpressionAdapter(nullptr), rowColumnMetaVariablePairs(), nondeterminismMetaVariables(), variableToIdentityMap(), allGlobalVariables(), moduleToIdentityMap() {
// Initializes variables and identity DDs.
createMetaVariablesAndIdentities();
rowExpressionAdapter = std::shared_ptr<storm::adapters::AddExpressionAdapter<Type>>(new storm::adapters::AddExpressionAdapter<Type>(manager, variableToRowMetaVariableMap));
columnExpressionAdapter = std::shared_ptr<storm::adapters::AddExpressionAdapter<Type>>(new storm::adapters::AddExpressionAdapter<Type>(manager, variableToColumnMetaVariableMap));
}
// The program that is currently translated.
storm::prism::Program const& program;
// The manager used to build the decision diagrams.
std::shared_ptr<storm::dd::DdManager<Type>> manager;
// The meta variables for the row encoding.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> rowMetaVariables;
std::map<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Variable> variableToRowMetaVariableMap;
std::shared_ptr<storm::adapters::AddExpressionAdapter<Type>> rowExpressionAdapter;
// The meta variables for the column encoding.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> columnMetaVariables;
std::map<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Variable> variableToColumnMetaVariableMap;
std::shared_ptr<storm::adapters::AddExpressionAdapter<Type>> columnExpressionAdapter;
// All pairs of row/column meta variables.
std::vector<std::pair<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Variable>> rowColumnMetaVariablePairs;
// The meta variables used to encode the nondeterminism.
std::vector<storm::expressions::Variable> nondeterminismMetaVariables;
// The meta variables used to encode the synchronization.
std::vector<storm::expressions::Variable> synchronizationMetaVariables;
// A set of all variables used for encoding the nondeterminism (i.e. nondetermism + synchronization
// variables). This is handy to abstract from this variable set.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> allNondeterminismVariables;
// As set of all variables used for encoding the synchronization.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> allSynchronizationMetaVariables;
// DDs representing the identity for each variable.
std::map<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType>> variableToIdentityMap;
// A set of all meta variables that correspond to global variables.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> allGlobalVariables;
// DDs representing the identity for each module.
std::map<std::string, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType>> moduleToIdentityMap;
// DDs representing the valid ranges of the variables of each module.
std::map<std::string, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType>> moduleToRangeMap;
private:
/*!
* Creates the required meta variables and variable/module identities.
*/
void createMetaVariablesAndIdentities() {
// Add synchronization variables.
for (auto const& actionIndex : program.getSynchronizingActionIndices()) {
std::pair<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Variable> variablePair = manager->addMetaVariable(program.getActionName(actionIndex));
synchronizationMetaVariables.push_back(variablePair.first);
allSynchronizationMetaVariables.insert(variablePair.first);
allNondeterminismVariables.insert(variablePair.first);
}
// Add nondeterminism variables (number of modules + number of commands).
uint_fast64_t numberOfNondeterminismVariables = program.getModules().size();
for (auto const& module : program.getModules()) {
numberOfNondeterminismVariables += module.getNumberOfCommands();
}
for (uint_fast64_t i = 0; i < numberOfNondeterminismVariables; ++i) {
std::pair<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Variable> variablePair = manager->addMetaVariable("nondet" + std::to_string(i));
nondeterminismMetaVariables.push_back(variablePair.first);
allNondeterminismVariables.insert(variablePair.first);
}
// Create meta variables for global program variables.
for (storm::prism::IntegerVariable const& integerVariable : program.getGlobalIntegerVariables()) {
int_fast64_t low = integerVariable.getLowerBoundExpression().evaluateAsInt();
int_fast64_t high = integerVariable.getUpperBoundExpression().evaluateAsInt();
std::pair<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Variable> variablePair = manager->addMetaVariable(integerVariable.getName(), low, high);
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Created meta variables for global integer variable: " << variablePair.first.getName() << "[" << variablePair.first.getIndex() << "] and " << variablePair.second.getName() << "[" << variablePair.second.getIndex() << "]");
rowMetaVariables.insert(variablePair.first);
variableToRowMetaVariableMap.emplace(integerVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variablePair.first);
columnMetaVariables.insert(variablePair.second);
variableToColumnMetaVariableMap.emplace(integerVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variablePair.second);
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> variableIdentity = manager->template getIdentity<ValueType>(variablePair.first).equals(manager->template getIdentity<ValueType>(variablePair.second)).template toAdd<ValueType>() * manager->getRange(variablePair.first).template toAdd<ValueType>() * manager->getRange(variablePair.second).template toAdd<ValueType>();
variableToIdentityMap.emplace(integerVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variableIdentity);
rowColumnMetaVariablePairs.push_back(variablePair);
allGlobalVariables.insert(integerVariable.getExpressionVariable());
}
for (storm::prism::BooleanVariable const& booleanVariable : program.getGlobalBooleanVariables()) {
std::pair<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Variable> variablePair = manager->addMetaVariable(booleanVariable.getName());
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Created meta variables for global boolean variable: " << variablePair.first.getName() << "[" << variablePair.first.getIndex() << "] and " << variablePair.second.getName() << "[" << variablePair.second.getIndex() << "]");
rowMetaVariables.insert(variablePair.first);
variableToRowMetaVariableMap.emplace(booleanVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variablePair.first);
columnMetaVariables.insert(variablePair.second);
variableToColumnMetaVariableMap.emplace(booleanVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variablePair.second);
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> variableIdentity = manager->template getIdentity<ValueType>(variablePair.first).equals(manager->template getIdentity<ValueType>(variablePair.second)).template toAdd<ValueType>();
variableToIdentityMap.emplace(booleanVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variableIdentity);
rowColumnMetaVariablePairs.push_back(variablePair);
allGlobalVariables.insert(booleanVariable.getExpressionVariable());
}
// Create meta variables for each of the modules' variables.
for (storm::prism::Module const& module : program.getModules()) {
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> moduleIdentity = manager->getBddOne();
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> moduleRange = manager->getBddOne();
for (storm::prism::IntegerVariable const& integerVariable : module.getIntegerVariables()) {
int_fast64_t low = integerVariable.getLowerBoundExpression().evaluateAsInt();
int_fast64_t high = integerVariable.getUpperBoundExpression().evaluateAsInt();
std::pair<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Variable> variablePair = manager->addMetaVariable(integerVariable.getName(), low, high);
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Created meta variables for integer variable: " << variablePair.first.getName() << "[" << variablePair.first.getIndex() << "] and " << variablePair.second.getName() << "[" << variablePair.second.getIndex() << "]");
rowMetaVariables.insert(variablePair.first);
variableToRowMetaVariableMap.emplace(integerVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variablePair.first);
columnMetaVariables.insert(variablePair.second);
variableToColumnMetaVariableMap.emplace(integerVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variablePair.second);
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> variableIdentity = manager->template getIdentity<ValueType>(variablePair.first).equals(manager->template getIdentity<ValueType>(variablePair.second)) && manager->getRange(variablePair.first) && manager->getRange(variablePair.second);
variableToIdentityMap.emplace(integerVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variableIdentity.template toAdd<ValueType>());
moduleIdentity &= variableIdentity;
moduleRange &= manager->getRange(variablePair.first);
rowColumnMetaVariablePairs.push_back(variablePair);
}
for (storm::prism::BooleanVariable const& booleanVariable : module.getBooleanVariables()) {
std::pair<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Variable> variablePair = manager->addMetaVariable(booleanVariable.getName());
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Created meta variables for boolean variable: " << variablePair.first.getName() << "[" << variablePair.first.getIndex() << "] and " << variablePair.second.getName() << "[" << variablePair.second.getIndex() << "]");
rowMetaVariables.insert(variablePair.first);
variableToRowMetaVariableMap.emplace(booleanVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variablePair.first);
columnMetaVariables.insert(variablePair.second);
variableToColumnMetaVariableMap.emplace(booleanVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variablePair.second);
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> variableIdentity = manager->template getIdentity<ValueType>(variablePair.first).equals(manager->template getIdentity<ValueType>(variablePair.second)) && manager->getRange(variablePair.first) && manager->getRange(variablePair.second);
variableToIdentityMap.emplace(booleanVariable.getExpressionVariable(), variableIdentity.template toAdd<ValueType>());
moduleIdentity &= variableIdentity;
moduleRange &= manager->getRange(variablePair.first);
rowColumnMetaVariablePairs.push_back(variablePair);
}
moduleToIdentityMap[module.getName()] = moduleIdentity.template toAdd<ValueType>();
moduleToRangeMap[module.getName()] = moduleRange.template toAdd<ValueType>();
}
}
};
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
class ModuleComposer : public storm::prism::CompositionVisitor {
public:
ModuleComposer(typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::GenerationInformation& generationInfo) : generationInfo(generationInfo) {
for (auto const& actionIndex : generationInfo.program.getSynchronizingActionIndices()) {
synchronizingActionToOffsetMap[actionIndex] = 0;
}
}
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram compose(storm::prism::Composition const& composition) {
std::cout << "composing the system " << composition << std::endl;
return boost::any_cast<typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram>(composition.accept(*this));
}
virtual boost::any visit(storm::prism::ModuleComposition const& composition) override {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Translating module '" << composition.getModuleName() << "'.");
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram result = DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::createModuleDecisionDiagram(generationInfo, generationInfo.program.getModule(composition.getModuleName()), synchronizingActionToOffsetMap);
// Update the offset indices.
for (auto const& actionIndex : generationInfo.program.getSynchronizingActionIndices()) {
if (result.hasSynchronizingAction(actionIndex)) {
synchronizingActionToOffsetMap[actionIndex] = result.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap[actionIndex].numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables;
}
}
return result;
}
virtual boost::any visit(storm::prism::RenamingComposition const& composition) override {
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotSupportedException, "Renaming is currently not supported in symbolic model building.");
}
virtual boost::any visit(storm::prism::HidingComposition const& composition) override {
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotSupportedException, "Hiding is currently not supported in symbolic model building.");
}
virtual boost::any visit(storm::prism::SynchronizingParallelComposition const& composition) override {
// First, we translate the subcompositions.
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram left = boost::any_cast<typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram>(composition.getLeftSubcomposition().accept(*this));
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram right = boost::any_cast<typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram>(composition.getRightSubcomposition().accept(*this));
// Then, determine the action indices on which we need to synchronize.
std::set<uint_fast64_t> leftSynchronizationActionIndices = left.getSynchronizingActionIndices();
for (auto const& entry : leftSynchronizationActionIndices) {
std::cout << "entry 1: " << entry << std::endl;
}
std::set<uint_fast64_t> rightSynchronizationActionIndices = right.getSynchronizingActionIndices();
for (auto const& entry : rightSynchronizationActionIndices) {
std::cout << "entry 2: " << entry << std::endl;
}
std::set<uint_fast64_t> synchronizationActionIndices;
std::set_intersection(leftSynchronizationActionIndices.begin(), leftSynchronizationActionIndices.end(), rightSynchronizationActionIndices.begin(), rightSynchronizationActionIndices.end(), std::inserter(synchronizationActionIndices, synchronizationActionIndices.begin()));
// Finally, we compose the subcompositions to create the result. For this, we modify the left
// subcomposition in place and later return it.
composeInParallel(left, right, synchronizationActionIndices);
return left;
}
virtual boost::any visit(storm::prism::InterleavingParallelComposition const& composition) override {
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotSupportedException, "Interleaving is currently not supported in symbolic model building.");
}
virtual boost::any visit(storm::prism::RestrictedParallelComposition const& composition) override {
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotSupportedException, "Restricted parallel composition is currently not supported in symbolic model building.");
}
private:
/*!
* Composes the given modules while synchronizing over the provided action indices. As a result, the first
* module is modified in place and will contain the composition after a call to this method.
*/
void composeInParallel(typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram& left, typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram& right, std::set<uint_fast64_t> const& synchronizationActionIndices) {
std::vector<std::string> actionNames;
for (auto const& actionIndex : synchronizationActionIndices) {
actionNames.push_back(generationInfo.program.getActionName(actionIndex));
}
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Composing two modules over the actions '" << boost::join(actionNames, ", ") << "'.");
// Combine the tau action.
uint_fast64_t numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables = right.independentAction.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables;
left.independentAction = DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::combineUnsynchronizedActions(generationInfo, left.independentAction, right.independentAction, left.identity, right.identity);
numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables = std::max(numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables, left.independentAction.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables);
// Create an empty action for the case where one of the modules does not have a certain action.
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ActionDecisionDiagram emptyAction(*generationInfo.manager);
// Treat all non-tau actions of the left module.
for (auto& action : left.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap) {
// If we need to synchronize over this action index, we try to do so now.
if (synchronizationActionIndices.find(action.first) != synchronizationActionIndices.end()) {
// If we are to synchronize over an action that does not exist in the second module, the result
// is that the synchronization is the empty action.
if (right.hasSynchronizingAction(action.first)) {
action.second = emptyAction;
} else {
// Otherwise, the actions of the modules are synchronized.
action.second = DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::combineSynchronizingActions(generationInfo, action.second, right.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap[action.first]);
}
} else {
// If we don't synchronize over this action, we need to construct the interleaving.
// If both modules contain the action, we need to mutually multiply the other identity.
if (right.hasSynchronizingAction(action.first)) {
action.second = DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::combineUnsynchronizedActions(generationInfo, action.second, right.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap[action.first], left.identity, right.identity);
} else {
// If only the first module has this action, we need to use a dummy action decision diagram
// for the second module.
action.second = DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::combineUnsynchronizedActions(generationInfo, action.second, emptyAction, left.identity, right.identity);
}
}
numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables = std::max(numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables, action.second.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables);
}
// Treat all non-tau actions of the right module.
for (auto const& actionIndex : right.getSynchronizingActionIndices()) {
// Here, we only need to treat actions that the first module does not have, because we have handled
// this case earlier.
if (!left.hasSynchronizingAction(actionIndex)) {
if (synchronizationActionIndices.find(actionIndex) != synchronizationActionIndices.end()) {
// If we are to synchronize over this action that does not exist in the first module, the
// result is that the synchronization is the empty action.
left.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap[actionIndex] = emptyAction;
} else {
// If only the second module has this action, we need to use a dummy action decision diagram
// for the first module.
left.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap[actionIndex] = DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::combineUnsynchronizedActions(generationInfo, emptyAction, right.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap[actionIndex], left.identity, right.identity);
}
}
numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables = std::max(numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables, left.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap[actionIndex].numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables);
}
// Combine identity matrices.
left.identity = left.identity * right.identity;
// Keep track of the number of nondeterminism variables used.
left.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables = std::max(left.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables, numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables);
}
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::GenerationInformation& generationInfo;
std::map<uint_fast64_t, uint_fast64_t> synchronizingActionToOffsetMap;
};
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::Options::Options() : buildAllRewardModels(true), rewardModelsToBuild(), constantDefinitions(), buildAllLabels(true), labelsToBuild(), terminalStates(), negatedTerminalStates() {
// Intentionally left empty.
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::Options::Options(storm::logic::Formula const& formula) : buildAllRewardModels(false), rewardModelsToBuild(), constantDefinitions(), buildAllLabels(false), labelsToBuild(std::set<std::string>()), terminalStates(), negatedTerminalStates() {
this->preserveFormula(formula);
this->setTerminalStatesFromFormula(formula);
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::Options::Options(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<storm::logic::Formula const>> const& formulas) : buildAllRewardModels(false), rewardModelsToBuild(), constantDefinitions(), buildAllLabels(false), labelsToBuild(), terminalStates(), negatedTerminalStates() {
if (formulas.empty()) {
this->buildAllRewardModels = true;
this->buildAllLabels = true;
} else {
for (auto const& formula : formulas) {
this->preserveFormula(*formula);
}
if (formulas.size() == 1) {
this->setTerminalStatesFromFormula(*formulas.front());
}
}
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
void DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::Options::preserveFormula(storm::logic::Formula const& formula) {
// If we already had terminal states, we need to erase them.
if (terminalStates) {
terminalStates.reset();
}
if (negatedTerminalStates) {
negatedTerminalStates.reset();
}
// If we are not required to build all reward models, we determine the reward models we need to build.
if (!buildAllRewardModels) {
std::set<std::string> referencedRewardModels = formula.getReferencedRewardModels();
rewardModelsToBuild.insert(referencedRewardModels.begin(), referencedRewardModels.end());
}
// Extract all the labels used in the formula.
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<storm::logic::AtomicLabelFormula const>> atomicLabelFormulas = formula.getAtomicLabelFormulas();
for (auto const& formula : atomicLabelFormulas) {
if (!labelsToBuild) {
labelsToBuild = std::set<std::string>();
}
labelsToBuild.get().insert(formula.get()->getLabel());
}
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
void DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::Options::setTerminalStatesFromFormula(storm::logic::Formula const& formula) {
if (formula.isAtomicExpressionFormula()) {
terminalStates = formula.asAtomicExpressionFormula().getExpression();
} else if (formula.isAtomicLabelFormula()) {
terminalStates = formula.asAtomicLabelFormula().getLabel();
} else if (formula.isEventuallyFormula()) {
storm::logic::Formula const& sub = formula.asEventuallyFormula().getSubformula();
if (sub.isAtomicExpressionFormula() || sub.isAtomicLabelFormula()) {
this->setTerminalStatesFromFormula(sub);
}
} else if (formula.isUntilFormula()) {
storm::logic::Formula const& right = formula.asUntilFormula().getRightSubformula();
if (right.isAtomicExpressionFormula() || right.isAtomicLabelFormula()) {
this->setTerminalStatesFromFormula(right);
}
storm::logic::Formula const& left = formula.asUntilFormula().getLeftSubformula();
if (left.isAtomicExpressionFormula()) {
negatedTerminalStates = left.asAtomicExpressionFormula().getExpression();
} else if (left.isAtomicLabelFormula()) {
negatedTerminalStates = left.asAtomicLabelFormula().getLabel();
}
} else if (formula.isProbabilityOperatorFormula()) {
storm::logic::Formula const& sub = formula.asProbabilityOperatorFormula().getSubformula();
if (sub.isEventuallyFormula() || sub.isUntilFormula()) {
this->setTerminalStatesFromFormula(sub);
}
}
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
void DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::Options::addConstantDefinitionsFromString(storm::prism::Program const& program, std::string const& constantDefinitionString) {
std::map<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Expression> newConstantDefinitions = storm::utility::prism::parseConstantDefinitionString(program, constantDefinitionString);
// If there is at least one constant that is defined, and the constant definition map does not yet exist,
// we need to create it.
if (!constantDefinitions && !newConstantDefinitions.empty()) {
constantDefinitions = std::map<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Expression>();
}
// Now insert all the entries that need to be defined.
for (auto const& entry : newConstantDefinitions) {
constantDefinitions.get().insert(entry);
}
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
struct DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::SystemResult {
SystemResult(storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> const& allTransitionsDd, DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram const& globalModule, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> const& stateActionDd) : allTransitionsDd(allTransitionsDd), globalModule(globalModule), stateActionDd(stateActionDd) {
// Intentionally left empty.
}
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> allTransitionsDd;
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram globalModule;
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> stateActionDd;
};
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::UpdateDecisionDiagram DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::createUpdateDecisionDiagram(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, storm::prism::Module const& module, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> const& guard, storm::prism::Update const& update) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> updateDd = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Translating update " << update);
// Iterate over all assignments (boolean and integer) and build the DD for it.
std::vector<storm::prism::Assignment> assignments = update.getAssignments();
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> assignedVariables;
for (auto const& assignment : assignments) {
// Record the variable as being written.
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Assigning to variable " << generationInfo.variableToRowMetaVariableMap.at(assignment.getVariable()).getName());
assignedVariables.insert(assignment.getVariable());
// Translate the written variable.
auto const& primedMetaVariable = generationInfo.variableToColumnMetaVariableMap.at(assignment.getVariable());
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> writtenVariable = generationInfo.manager->template getIdentity<ValueType>(primedMetaVariable);
// Translate the expression that is being assigned.
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> updateExpression = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(assignment.getExpression());
// Combine the update expression with the guard.
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> result = updateExpression * guard;
// Combine the variable and the assigned expression.
result = result.equals(writtenVariable).template toAdd<ValueType>();
result *= guard;
// Restrict the transitions to the range of the written variable.
result = result * generationInfo.manager->getRange(primedMetaVariable).template toAdd<ValueType>();
updateDd *= result;
}
// Compute the set of assigned global variables.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> assignedGlobalVariables;
std::set_intersection(assignedVariables.begin(), assignedVariables.end(), generationInfo.allGlobalVariables.begin(), generationInfo.allGlobalVariables.end(), std::inserter(assignedGlobalVariables, assignedGlobalVariables.begin()));
// All unassigned boolean variables need to keep their value.
for (storm::prism::BooleanVariable const& booleanVariable : module.getBooleanVariables()) {
if (assignedVariables.find(booleanVariable.getExpressionVariable()) == assignedVariables.end()) {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Multiplying identity of variable " << booleanVariable.getName());
updateDd *= generationInfo.variableToIdentityMap.at(booleanVariable.getExpressionVariable());
}
}
// All unassigned integer variables need to keep their value.
for (storm::prism::IntegerVariable const& integerVariable : module.getIntegerVariables()) {
if (assignedVariables.find(integerVariable.getExpressionVariable()) == assignedVariables.end()) {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Multiplying identity of variable " << integerVariable.getName());
updateDd *= generationInfo.variableToIdentityMap.at(integerVariable.getExpressionVariable());
}
}
return UpdateDecisionDiagram(updateDd, assignedGlobalVariables);
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ActionDecisionDiagram DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::createCommandDecisionDiagram(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, storm::prism::Module const& module, storm::prism::Command const& command) {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Translating guard " << command.getGuardExpression());
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> guard = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(command.getGuardExpression()) * generationInfo.moduleToRangeMap[module.getName()];
STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(!guard.isZero(), "The guard '" << command.getGuardExpression() << "' is unsatisfiable.");
if (!guard.isZero()) {
// Create the DDs representing the individual updates.
std::vector<UpdateDecisionDiagram> updateResults;
for (storm::prism::Update const& update : command.getUpdates()) {
updateResults.push_back(createUpdateDecisionDiagram(generationInfo, module, guard, update));
STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(!updateResults.back().updateDd.isZero(), "Update '" << update << "' does not have any effect.");
}
// Start by gathering all variables that were written in at least one update.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> globalVariablesInSomeUpdate;
// If the command is labeled, we have to analyze which portion of the global variables was written by
// any of the updates and make all update results equal w.r.t. this set. If the command is not labeled,
// we can already multiply the identities of all global variables.
if (command.isLabeled()) {
std::for_each(updateResults.begin(), updateResults.end(), [&globalVariablesInSomeUpdate] (UpdateDecisionDiagram const& update) { globalVariablesInSomeUpdate.insert(update.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), update.assignedGlobalVariables.end()); } );
} else {
globalVariablesInSomeUpdate = generationInfo.allGlobalVariables;
}
// Then, multiply the missing identities.
for (auto& updateResult : updateResults) {
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> missingIdentities;
std::set_difference(globalVariablesInSomeUpdate.begin(), globalVariablesInSomeUpdate.end(), updateResult.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), updateResult.assignedGlobalVariables.end(), std::inserter(missingIdentities, missingIdentities.begin()));
for (auto const& variable : missingIdentities) {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Multiplying identity for variable " << variable.getName() << "[" << variable.getIndex() << "] to update.");
updateResult.updateDd *= generationInfo.variableToIdentityMap.at(variable);
}
}
// Now combine the update DDs to the command DD.
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> commandDd = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
auto updateResultsIt = updateResults.begin();
for (auto updateIt = command.getUpdates().begin(), updateIte = command.getUpdates().end(); updateIt != updateIte; ++updateIt, ++updateResultsIt) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> probabilityDd = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(updateIt->getLikelihoodExpression());
commandDd += updateResultsIt->updateDd * probabilityDd;
}
return ActionDecisionDiagram(guard, guard * commandDd, globalVariablesInSomeUpdate);
} else {
return ActionDecisionDiagram(*generationInfo.manager);
}
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ActionDecisionDiagram DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::createActionDecisionDiagram(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, storm::prism::Module const& module, uint_fast64_t synchronizationActionIndex, uint_fast64_t nondeterminismVariableOffset) {
std::vector<ActionDecisionDiagram> commandDds;
for (storm::prism::Command const& command : module.getCommands()) {
// Determine whether the command is relevant for the selected action.
bool relevant = (synchronizationActionIndex == 0 && !command.isLabeled()) || (synchronizationActionIndex && command.isLabeled() && command.getActionIndex() == synchronizationActionIndex);
if (!relevant) {
continue;
}
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Translating command " << command);
// At this point, the command is known to be relevant for the action.
commandDds.push_back(createCommandDecisionDiagram(generationInfo, module, command));
}
ActionDecisionDiagram result(*generationInfo.manager);
if (!commandDds.empty()) {
switch (generationInfo.program.getModelType()){
case storm::prism::Program::ModelType::DTMC:
case storm::prism::Program::ModelType::CTMC:
result = combineCommandsToActionMarkovChain(generationInfo, commandDds);
break;
case storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP:
result = combineCommandsToActionMDP(generationInfo, commandDds, nondeterminismVariableOffset);
break;
default:
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::InvalidArgumentException, "Cannot translate model of this type.");
}
}
return result;
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::equalizeAssignedGlobalVariables(GenerationInformation const& generationInfo, ActionDecisionDiagram& action1, ActionDecisionDiagram& action2) {
// Start by gathering all variables that were written in at least one action DD.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> globalVariablesInActionDd;
std::set_union(action1.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), action1.assignedGlobalVariables.end(), action2.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), action2.assignedGlobalVariables.end(), std::inserter(globalVariablesInActionDd, globalVariablesInActionDd.begin()));
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> missingIdentitiesInAction1;
std::set_difference(globalVariablesInActionDd.begin(), globalVariablesInActionDd.end(), action1.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), action1.assignedGlobalVariables.end(), std::inserter(missingIdentitiesInAction1, missingIdentitiesInAction1.begin()));
for (auto const& variable : missingIdentitiesInAction1) {
action1.transitionsDd *= generationInfo.variableToIdentityMap.at(variable);
}
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> missingIdentitiesInAction2;
std::set_difference(globalVariablesInActionDd.begin(), globalVariablesInActionDd.end(), action1.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), action1.assignedGlobalVariables.end(), std::inserter(missingIdentitiesInAction2, missingIdentitiesInAction2.begin()));
for (auto const& variable : missingIdentitiesInAction2) {
action2.transitionsDd *= generationInfo.variableToIdentityMap.at(variable);
}
return globalVariablesInActionDd;
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::equalizeAssignedGlobalVariables(GenerationInformation const& generationInfo, std::vector<ActionDecisionDiagram>& actionDds) {
// Start by gathering all variables that were written in at least one action DD.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> globalVariablesInActionDd;
for (auto const& commandDd : actionDds) {
globalVariablesInActionDd.insert(commandDd.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), commandDd.assignedGlobalVariables.end());
}
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Equalizing assigned global variables.");
// Then multiply the transitions of each action with the missing identities.
for (auto& actionDd : actionDds) {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Equalizing next action.");
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> missingIdentities;
std::set_difference(globalVariablesInActionDd.begin(), globalVariablesInActionDd.end(), actionDd.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), actionDd.assignedGlobalVariables.end(), std::inserter(missingIdentities, missingIdentities.begin()));
for (auto const& variable : missingIdentities) {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Multiplying identity of variable " << variable.getName() << ".");
actionDd.transitionsDd *= generationInfo.variableToIdentityMap.at(variable);
}
}
return globalVariablesInActionDd;
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ActionDecisionDiagram DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::combineCommandsToActionMarkovChain(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, std::vector<ActionDecisionDiagram>& commandDds) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> allGuards = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> allCommands = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> temporary;
// Make all command DDs assign to the same global variables.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> assignedGlobalVariables = equalizeAssignedGlobalVariables(generationInfo, commandDds);
// Then combine the commands to the full action DD and multiply missing identities along the way.
for (auto& commandDd : commandDds) {
// Check for overlapping guards.
temporary = commandDd.guardDd * allGuards;
// Issue a warning if there are overlapping guards in a non-CTMC model.
STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(temporary.isZero() || generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::CTMC, "Guard of a command overlaps with previous guards.");
allGuards += commandDd.guardDd;
allCommands += commandDd.guardDd * commandDd.transitionsDd;
}
return ActionDecisionDiagram(allGuards, allCommands, assignedGlobalVariables);
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::encodeChoice(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, uint_fast64_t nondeterminismVariableOffset, uint_fast64_t numberOfBinaryVariables, int_fast64_t value) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> result = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Encoding " << value << " with " << numberOfBinaryVariables << " binary variable(s) starting from offset " << nondeterminismVariableOffset << ".");
std::map<storm::expressions::Variable, int_fast64_t> metaVariableNameToValueMap;
for (uint_fast64_t i = nondeterminismVariableOffset; i < nondeterminismVariableOffset + numberOfBinaryVariables; ++i) {
if (value & (1ull << (numberOfBinaryVariables - i - 1))) {
metaVariableNameToValueMap.emplace(generationInfo.nondeterminismMetaVariables[i], 1);
} else {
metaVariableNameToValueMap.emplace(generationInfo.nondeterminismMetaVariables[i], 0);
}
}
result.setValue(metaVariableNameToValueMap, 1);
return result;
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ActionDecisionDiagram DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::combineCommandsToActionMDP(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, std::vector<ActionDecisionDiagram>& commandDds, uint_fast64_t nondeterminismVariableOffset) {
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> allGuards = generationInfo.manager->getBddZero();
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> allCommands = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
// Make all command DDs assign to the same global variables.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> assignedGlobalVariables = equalizeAssignedGlobalVariables(generationInfo, commandDds);
// Sum all guards, so we can read off the maximal number of nondeterministic choices in any given state.
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> sumOfGuards = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
for (auto const& commandDd : commandDds) {
sumOfGuards += commandDd.guardDd;
allGuards |= commandDd.guardDd.toBdd();
}
uint_fast64_t maxChoices = static_cast<uint_fast64_t>(sumOfGuards.getMax());
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Found " << maxChoices << " local choices.");
// Depending on the maximal number of nondeterminstic choices, we need to use some variables to encode the nondeterminism.
if (maxChoices == 0) {
return ActionDecisionDiagram(*generationInfo.manager);
} else if (maxChoices == 1) {
// Sum up all commands.
for (auto const& commandDd : commandDds) {
allCommands += commandDd.transitionsDd;
}
return ActionDecisionDiagram(sumOfGuards, allCommands, assignedGlobalVariables);
} else {
// Calculate number of required variables to encode the nondeterminism.
uint_fast64_t numberOfBinaryVariables = static_cast<uint_fast64_t>(std::ceil(storm::utility::math::log2(maxChoices)));
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> equalsNumberOfChoicesDd;
std::vector<storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType>> choiceDds(maxChoices, generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>());
std::vector<storm::dd::Bdd<Type>> remainingDds(maxChoices, generationInfo.manager->getBddZero());
for (uint_fast64_t currentChoices = 1; currentChoices <= maxChoices; ++currentChoices) {
// Determine the set of states with exactly currentChoices choices.
equalsNumberOfChoicesDd = sumOfGuards.equals(generationInfo.manager->getConstant(static_cast<double>(currentChoices)));
// If there is no such state, continue with the next possible number of choices.
if (equalsNumberOfChoicesDd.isZero()) {
continue;
}
// Reset the previously used intermediate storage.
for (uint_fast64_t j = 0; j < currentChoices; ++j) {
choiceDds[j] = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
remainingDds[j] = equalsNumberOfChoicesDd;
}
for (std::size_t j = 0; j < commandDds.size(); ++j) {
// Check if command guard overlaps with equalsNumberOfChoicesDd. That is, there are states with exactly currentChoices
// choices such that one outgoing choice is given by the j-th command.
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> guardChoicesIntersection = commandDds[j].guardDd.toBdd() && equalsNumberOfChoicesDd;
// If there is no such state, continue with the next command.
if (guardChoicesIntersection.isZero()) {
continue;
}
// Split the currentChoices nondeterministic choices.
for (uint_fast64_t k = 0; k < currentChoices; ++k) {
// Calculate the overlapping part of command guard and the remaining DD.
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> remainingGuardChoicesIntersection = guardChoicesIntersection && remainingDds[k];
// Check if we can add some overlapping parts to the current index.
if (!remainingGuardChoicesIntersection.isZero()) {
// Remove overlapping parts from the remaining DD.
remainingDds[k] = remainingDds[k] && !remainingGuardChoicesIntersection;
// Combine the overlapping part of the guard with command updates and add it to the resulting DD.
choiceDds[k] += remainingGuardChoicesIntersection.template toAdd<ValueType>() * commandDds[j].transitionsDd;
}
// Remove overlapping parts from the command guard DD
guardChoicesIntersection = guardChoicesIntersection && !remainingGuardChoicesIntersection;
// If the guard DD has become equivalent to false, we can stop here.
if (guardChoicesIntersection.isZero()) {
break;
}
}
}
// Add the meta variables that encode the nondeterminisim to the different choices.
for (uint_fast64_t j = 0; j < currentChoices; ++j) {
allCommands += encodeChoice(generationInfo, nondeterminismVariableOffset, numberOfBinaryVariables, j) * choiceDds[j];
}
// Delete currentChoices out of overlapping DD
sumOfGuards = sumOfGuards * (!equalsNumberOfChoicesDd).template toAdd<ValueType>();
}
return ActionDecisionDiagram(allGuards.template toAdd<ValueType>(), allCommands, assignedGlobalVariables, nondeterminismVariableOffset + numberOfBinaryVariables);
}
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ActionDecisionDiagram DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::combineSynchronizingActions(GenerationInformation const& generationInfo, ActionDecisionDiagram const& action1, ActionDecisionDiagram const& action2) {
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> assignedGlobalVariables;
std::set_union(action1.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), action1.assignedGlobalVariables.end(), action2.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), action2.assignedGlobalVariables.end(), std::inserter(assignedGlobalVariables, assignedGlobalVariables.begin()));
return ActionDecisionDiagram(action1.guardDd * action2.guardDd, action1.transitionsDd * action2.transitionsDd, assignedGlobalVariables, std::max(action1.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables, action2.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables));
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ActionDecisionDiagram DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::combineUnsynchronizedActions(GenerationInformation const& generationInfo, ActionDecisionDiagram& action1, ActionDecisionDiagram& action2, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> const& identityDd1, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> const& identityDd2) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> action1Extended = action1.transitionsDd * identityDd2;
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> action2Extended = action2.transitionsDd * identityDd1;
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Combining unsynchronized actions.");
// Make both action DDs write to the same global variables.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> assignedGlobalVariables = equalizeAssignedGlobalVariables(generationInfo, action1, action2);
if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::DTMC || generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::CTMC) {
return ActionDecisionDiagram(action1.guardDd + action2.guardDd, action1Extended + action2Extended, assignedGlobalVariables, 0);
} else if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP) {
if (action1.transitionsDd.isZero()) {
return ActionDecisionDiagram(action2.guardDd, action2Extended, assignedGlobalVariables, action2.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables);
} else if (action2.transitionsDd.isZero()) {
return ActionDecisionDiagram(action1.guardDd, action1Extended, assignedGlobalVariables, action1.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables);
}
// Bring both choices to the same number of variables that encode the nondeterminism.
uint_fast64_t numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables = std::max(action1.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables, action2.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables);
if (action1.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables > action2.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> nondeterminismEncoding = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
for (uint_fast64_t i = action2.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables; i < action1.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables; ++i) {
nondeterminismEncoding *= generationInfo.manager->getEncoding(generationInfo.nondeterminismMetaVariables[i], 0).template toAdd<ValueType>();
}
action2Extended *= nondeterminismEncoding;
} else if (action2.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables > action1.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> nondeterminismEncoding = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
for (uint_fast64_t i = action1.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables; i < action2.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables; ++i) {
nondeterminismEncoding *= generationInfo.manager->getEncoding(generationInfo.nondeterminismMetaVariables[i], 0).template toAdd<ValueType>();
}
action1Extended *= nondeterminismEncoding;
}
// Add a new variable that resolves the nondeterminism between the two choices.
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> combinedTransitions = generationInfo.manager->getEncoding(generationInfo.nondeterminismMetaVariables[numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables], 1).ite(action2Extended, action1Extended);
return ActionDecisionDiagram((action1.guardDd.toBdd() || action2.guardDd.toBdd()).template toAdd<ValueType>(), combinedTransitions, assignedGlobalVariables, numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables + 1);
} else {
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::InvalidStateException, "Illegal model type.");
}
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::ModuleDecisionDiagram DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::createModuleDecisionDiagram(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, storm::prism::Module const& module, std::map<uint_fast64_t, uint_fast64_t> const& synchronizingActionToOffsetMap) {
// Start by creating the action DD for the independent action.
ActionDecisionDiagram independentActionDd = createActionDecisionDiagram(generationInfo, module, 0, 0);
uint_fast64_t numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables = independentActionDd.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables;
// Create module DD for all synchronizing actions of the module.
std::map<uint_fast64_t, ActionDecisionDiagram> actionIndexToDdMap;
for (auto const& actionIndex : module.getSynchronizingActionIndices()) {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Creating DD for action '" << actionIndex << "'.");
ActionDecisionDiagram tmp = createActionDecisionDiagram(generationInfo, module, actionIndex, synchronizingActionToOffsetMap.at(actionIndex));
numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables = std::max(numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables, tmp.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables);
actionIndexToDdMap.emplace(actionIndex, tmp);
}
return ModuleDecisionDiagram(independentActionDd, actionIndexToDdMap, generationInfo.moduleToIdentityMap.at(module.getName()), numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables);
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::getSynchronizationDecisionDiagram(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, uint_fast64_t actionIndex) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> synchronization = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
if (actionIndex != 0) {
for (uint_fast64_t i = 0; i < generationInfo.synchronizationMetaVariables.size(); ++i) {
if ((actionIndex - 1) == i) {
synchronization *= generationInfo.manager->getEncoding(generationInfo.synchronizationMetaVariables[i], 1).template toAdd<ValueType>();
} else {
synchronization *= generationInfo.manager->getEncoding(generationInfo.synchronizationMetaVariables[i], 0).template toAdd<ValueType>();
}
}
} else {
for (uint_fast64_t i = 0; i < generationInfo.synchronizationMetaVariables.size(); ++i) {
synchronization *= generationInfo.manager->getEncoding(generationInfo.synchronizationMetaVariables[i], 0).template toAdd<ValueType>();
}
}
return synchronization;
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::createSystemFromModule(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, ModuleDecisionDiagram const& module) {
// If the model is an MDP, we need to encode the nondeterminism using additional variables.
if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> result = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
// First, determine the highest number of nondeterminism variables that is used in any action and make
// all actions use the same amout of nondeterminism variables.
uint_fast64_t numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables = module.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables;
// Compute missing global variable identities in independent action.
std::set<storm::expressions::Variable> missingIdentities;
std::set_difference(generationInfo.allGlobalVariables.begin(), generationInfo.allGlobalVariables.end(), module.independentAction.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), module.independentAction.assignedGlobalVariables.end(), std::inserter(missingIdentities, missingIdentities.begin()));
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> identityEncoding = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
for (auto const& variable : missingIdentities) {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Multiplying identity of global variable " << variable.getName() << " to independent action.");
identityEncoding *= generationInfo.variableToIdentityMap.at(variable);
}
// Add variables to independent action DD.
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> nondeterminismEncoding = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
for (uint_fast64_t i = module.independentAction.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables; i < numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables; ++i) {
nondeterminismEncoding *= generationInfo.manager->getEncoding(generationInfo.nondeterminismMetaVariables[i], 0).template toAdd<ValueType>();
}
result = identityEncoding * module.independentAction.transitionsDd * nondeterminismEncoding;
// Add variables to synchronized action DDs.
std::map<uint_fast64_t, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType>> synchronizingActionToDdMap;
for (auto const& synchronizingAction : module.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap) {
// Compute missing global variable identities in synchronizing actions.
missingIdentities = std::set<storm::expressions::Variable>();
std::set_difference(generationInfo.allGlobalVariables.begin(), generationInfo.allGlobalVariables.end(), synchronizingAction.second.assignedGlobalVariables.begin(), synchronizingAction.second.assignedGlobalVariables.end(), std::inserter(missingIdentities, missingIdentities.begin()));
identityEncoding = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
for (auto const& variable : missingIdentities) {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Multiplying identity of global variable " << variable.getName() << " to synchronizing action '" << synchronizingAction.first << "'.");
identityEncoding *= generationInfo.variableToIdentityMap.at(variable);
}
nondeterminismEncoding = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
for (uint_fast64_t i = synchronizingAction.second.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables; i < numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables; ++i) {
nondeterminismEncoding *= generationInfo.manager->getEncoding(generationInfo.nondeterminismMetaVariables[i], 0).template toAdd<ValueType>();
}
synchronizingActionToDdMap.emplace(synchronizingAction.first, identityEncoding * synchronizingAction.second.transitionsDd * nondeterminismEncoding);
}
// Add variables for synchronization.
result *= getSynchronizationDecisionDiagram(generationInfo);
for (auto& synchronizingAction : synchronizingActionToDdMap) {
synchronizingAction.second *= getSynchronizationDecisionDiagram(generationInfo, synchronizingAction.first);
}
// Now, we can simply add all synchronizing actions to the result.
for (auto const& synchronizingAction : synchronizingActionToDdMap) {
result += synchronizingAction.second;
}
return result;
} else if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::DTMC || generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::CTMC) {
// Simply add all actions.
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> result = module.independentAction.transitionsDd;
for (auto const& synchronizingAction : module.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap) {
result += synchronizingAction.second.transitionsDd;
}
return result;
} else {
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::InvalidArgumentException, "Illegal model type.");
}
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
typename DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::SystemResult DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::createSystemDecisionDiagram(GenerationInformation& generationInfo) {
ModuleComposer<Type, ValueType> composer(generationInfo);
ModuleDecisionDiagram system = composer.compose(generationInfo.program.specifiesSystemComposition() ? generationInfo.program.getSystemCompositionConstruct().getSystemComposition() : *generationInfo.program.getDefaultSystemComposition());
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> result = createSystemFromModule(generationInfo, system);
// Create an auxiliary DD that is used later during the construction of reward models.
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> stateActionDd = result.sumAbstract(generationInfo.columnMetaVariables);
// For DTMCs, we normalize each row to 1 (to account for non-determinism).
if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::DTMC) {
result = result / stateActionDd;
} else if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP) {
// For MDPs, we need to throw away the nondeterminism variables from the generation information that
// were never used.
for (uint_fast64_t index = system.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables; index < generationInfo.nondeterminismMetaVariables.size(); ++index) {
generationInfo.allNondeterminismVariables.erase(generationInfo.nondeterminismMetaVariables[index]);
}
generationInfo.nondeterminismMetaVariables.resize(system.numberOfUsedNondeterminismVariables);
}
return SystemResult(result, system, stateActionDd);
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
storm::models::symbolic::StandardRewardModel<Type, double> DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::createRewardModelDecisionDiagrams(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, storm::prism::RewardModel const& rewardModel, ModuleDecisionDiagram const& globalModule, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> const& transitionMatrix, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> const& reachableStatesAdd, storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> const& stateActionDd) {
// Start by creating the state reward vector.
boost::optional<storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType>> stateRewards;
if (rewardModel.hasStateRewards()) {
stateRewards = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
for (auto const& stateReward : rewardModel.getStateRewards()) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> states = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(stateReward.getStatePredicateExpression());
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> rewards = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(stateReward.getRewardValueExpression());
// Restrict the rewards to those states that satisfy the condition.
rewards = reachableStatesAdd * states * rewards;
// Perform some sanity checks.
STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(rewards.getMin() >= 0, "The reward model assigns negative rewards to some states.");
STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(!rewards.isZero(), "The reward model does not assign any non-zero rewards.");
// Add the rewards to the global state reward vector.
stateRewards.get() += rewards;
}
}
// Next, build the state-action reward vector.
boost::optional<storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType>> stateActionRewards;
if (rewardModel.hasStateActionRewards()) {
stateActionRewards = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
for (auto const& stateActionReward : rewardModel.getStateActionRewards()) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> states = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(stateActionReward.getStatePredicateExpression());
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> rewards = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(stateActionReward.getRewardValueExpression());
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> synchronization = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP) {
synchronization = getSynchronizationDecisionDiagram(generationInfo, stateActionReward.getActionIndex());
}
ActionDecisionDiagram const& actionDd = stateActionReward.isLabeled() ? globalModule.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap.at(stateActionReward.getActionIndex()) : globalModule.independentAction;
states *= actionDd.guardDd * reachableStatesAdd;
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> stateActionRewardDd = synchronization * states * rewards;
// If we are building the state-action rewards for an MDP, we need to make sure that the encoding
// of the nondeterminism is present in the reward vector, so we ne need to multiply it with the
// legal state-actions.
if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP) {
stateActionRewardDd *= stateActionDd;
} else if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::CTMC) {
// For CTMCs, we need to multiply the entries with the exit rate of the corresponding action.
stateActionRewardDd *= actionDd.transitionsDd.sumAbstract(generationInfo.columnMetaVariables);
}
// Perform some sanity checks.
STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(stateActionRewardDd.getMin() >= 0, "The reward model assigns negative rewards to some states.");
STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(!stateActionRewardDd.isZero(), "The reward model does not assign any non-zero rewards.");
// Add the rewards to the global transition reward matrix.
stateActionRewards.get() += stateActionRewardDd;
}
// Scale state-action rewards for DTMCs and CTMCs.
if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::DTMC || generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::CTMC) {
stateActionRewards.get() /= stateActionDd;
}
}
// Then build the transition reward matrix.
boost::optional<storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType>> transitionRewards;
if (rewardModel.hasTransitionRewards()) {
transitionRewards = generationInfo.manager->template getAddZero<ValueType>();
for (auto const& transitionReward : rewardModel.getTransitionRewards()) {
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> sourceStates = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(transitionReward.getSourceStatePredicateExpression());
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> targetStates = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(transitionReward.getTargetStatePredicateExpression());
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> rewards = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(transitionReward.getRewardValueExpression());
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> synchronization = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> transitions;
if (transitionReward.isLabeled()) {
if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP) {
synchronization = getSynchronizationDecisionDiagram(generationInfo, transitionReward.getActionIndex());
}
transitions = globalModule.synchronizingActionToDecisionDiagramMap.at(transitionReward.getActionIndex()).transitionsDd;
} else {
if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP) {
synchronization = getSynchronizationDecisionDiagram(generationInfo);
}
transitions = globalModule.independentAction.transitionsDd;
}
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> transitionRewardDd = synchronization * sourceStates * targetStates * rewards;
if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::DTMC) {
// For DTMCs we need to keep the weighting for the scaling that follows.
transitionRewardDd = transitions * transitionRewardDd;
} else {
// For all other model types, we do not scale the rewards.
transitionRewardDd = transitions.notZero().template toAdd<ValueType>() * transitionRewardDd;
}
// Perform some sanity checks.
STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(transitionRewardDd.getMin() >= 0, "The reward model assigns negative rewards to some states.");
STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(!transitionRewardDd.isZero(), "The reward model does not assign any non-zero rewards.");
// Add the rewards to the global transition reward matrix.
transitionRewards.get() += transitionRewardDd;
}
// Scale transition rewards for DTMCs.
if (generationInfo.program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::DTMC) {
transitionRewards.get() /= stateActionDd;
}
}
return storm::models::symbolic::StandardRewardModel<Type, double>(stateRewards, stateActionRewards, transitionRewards);
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
storm::prism::Program const& DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::getTranslatedProgram() const {
return preparedProgram.get();
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
std::shared_ptr<storm::models::symbolic::Model<Type, ValueType>> DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::translateProgram(storm::prism::Program const& program, Options const& options) {
if (options.constantDefinitions) {
preparedProgram = program.defineUndefinedConstants(options.constantDefinitions.get());
} else {
preparedProgram = program;
}
if (preparedProgram->hasUndefinedConstants()) {
std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<storm::prism::Constant const>> undefinedConstants = preparedProgram->getUndefinedConstants();
std::stringstream stream;
bool printComma = false;
for (auto const& constant : undefinedConstants) {
if (printComma) {
stream << ", ";
} else {
printComma = true;
}
stream << constant.get().getName() << " (" << constant.get().getType() << ")";
}
stream << ".";
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::InvalidArgumentException, "Program still contains these undefined constants: " + stream.str());
}
preparedProgram = preparedProgram->substituteConstants();
STORM_LOG_DEBUG("Building representation of program:" << std::endl << *preparedProgram << std::endl);
// Start by initializing the structure used for storing all information needed during the model generation.
// In particular, this creates the meta variables used to encode the model.
GenerationInformation generationInfo(*preparedProgram);
SystemResult system = createSystemDecisionDiagram(generationInfo);
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> transitionMatrix = system.allTransitionsDd;
ModuleDecisionDiagram const& globalModule = system.globalModule;
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> stateActionDd = system.stateActionDd;
// If we were asked to treat some states as terminal states, we cut away their transitions now.
if (options.terminalStates || options.negatedTerminalStates) {
std::map<storm::expressions::Variable, storm::expressions::Expression> constantsSubstitution = preparedProgram->getConstantsSubstitution();
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> terminalStatesBdd = generationInfo.manager->getBddZero();
if (options.terminalStates) {
storm::expressions::Expression terminalExpression;
if (options.terminalStates.get().type() == typeid(storm::expressions::Expression)) {
terminalExpression = boost::get<storm::expressions::Expression>(options.terminalStates.get());
} else {
std::string const& labelName = boost::get<std::string>(options.terminalStates.get());
terminalExpression = preparedProgram->getLabelExpression(labelName);
}
// If the expression refers to constants of the model, we need to substitute them.
terminalExpression = terminalExpression.substitute(constantsSubstitution);
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Making the states satisfying " << terminalExpression << " terminal.");
terminalStatesBdd = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(terminalExpression).toBdd();
}
if (options.negatedTerminalStates) {
storm::expressions::Expression negatedTerminalExpression;
if (options.negatedTerminalStates.get().type() == typeid(storm::expressions::Expression)) {
negatedTerminalExpression = boost::get<storm::expressions::Expression>(options.negatedTerminalStates.get());
} else {
std::string const& labelName = boost::get<std::string>(options.terminalStates.get());
negatedTerminalExpression = preparedProgram->getLabelExpression(labelName);
}
// If the expression refers to constants of the model, we need to substitute them.
negatedTerminalExpression = negatedTerminalExpression.substitute(constantsSubstitution);
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Making the states *not* satisfying " << negatedTerminalExpression << " terminal.");
terminalStatesBdd |= !generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(negatedTerminalExpression).toBdd();
}
transitionMatrix *= (!terminalStatesBdd).template toAdd<ValueType>();
}
// Cut the transitions and rewards to the reachable fragment of the state space.
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> initialStates = createInitialStatesDecisionDiagram(generationInfo);
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> transitionMatrixBdd = transitionMatrix.notZero();
if (program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP) {
transitionMatrixBdd = transitionMatrixBdd.existsAbstract(generationInfo.allNondeterminismVariables);
}
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> reachableStates = computeReachableStates(generationInfo, initialStates, transitionMatrixBdd);
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> reachableStatesAdd = reachableStates.template toAdd<ValueType>();
transitionMatrix *= reachableStatesAdd;
stateActionDd *= reachableStatesAdd;
// Detect deadlocks and 1) fix them if requested 2) throw an error otherwise.
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> statesWithTransition = transitionMatrixBdd.existsAbstract(generationInfo.columnMetaVariables);
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> deadlockStates = (reachableStates && !statesWithTransition).template toAdd<ValueType>();
if (!deadlockStates.isZero()) {
// If we need to fix deadlocks, we do so now.
if (!storm::settings::getModule<storm::settings::modules::MarkovChainSettings>().isDontFixDeadlocksSet()) {
STORM_LOG_INFO("Fixing deadlocks in " << deadlockStates.getNonZeroCount() << " states. The first three of these states are: ");
uint_fast64_t count = 0;
for (auto it = deadlockStates.begin(), ite = deadlockStates.end(); it != ite && count < 3; ++it, ++count) {
STORM_LOG_INFO((*it).first.toPrettyString(generationInfo.rowMetaVariables) << std::endl);
}
if (program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::DTMC) {
// For DTMCs, we can simply add the identity of the global module for all deadlock states.
transitionMatrix += deadlockStates * globalModule.identity;
} else if (program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP) {
// For MDPs, however, we need to select an action associated with the self-loop, if we do not
// want to attach a lot of self-loops to the deadlock states.
storm::dd::Add<Type, ValueType> action = generationInfo.manager->template getAddOne<ValueType>();
std::for_each(generationInfo.allNondeterminismVariables.begin(), generationInfo.allNondeterminismVariables.end(),
[&action, &generationInfo] (storm::expressions::Variable const& metaVariable) {
action *= generationInfo.manager->template getIdentity<ValueType>(metaVariable);
});
// Make sure that global variables do not change along the introduced self-loops.
for (auto const& var : generationInfo.allGlobalVariables) {
action *= generationInfo.variableToIdentityMap.at(var);
}
transitionMatrix += deadlockStates * globalModule.identity * action;
}
} else {
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::InvalidArgumentException, "The model contains " << deadlockStates.getNonZeroCount() << " deadlock states. Please unset the option to not fix deadlocks, if you want to fix them automatically.");
}
}
// Now build the reward models.
std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<storm::prism::RewardModel const>> selectedRewardModels;
// First, we make sure that all selected reward models actually exist.
for (auto const& rewardModelName : options.rewardModelsToBuild) {
STORM_LOG_THROW(rewardModelName.empty() || preparedProgram->hasRewardModel(rewardModelName), storm::exceptions::InvalidArgumentException, "Model does not possess a reward model with the name '" << rewardModelName << "'.");
}
for (auto const& rewardModel : preparedProgram->getRewardModels()) {
if (options.buildAllRewardModels || options.rewardModelsToBuild.find(rewardModel.getName()) != options.rewardModelsToBuild.end()) {
selectedRewardModels.push_back(rewardModel);
}
}
// If no reward model was selected until now and a referenced reward model appears to be unique, we build
// the only existing reward model (given that no explicit name was given for the referenced reward model).
if (selectedRewardModels.empty() && preparedProgram->getNumberOfRewardModels() == 1 && options.rewardModelsToBuild.size() == 1 && *options.rewardModelsToBuild.begin() == "") {
selectedRewardModels.push_back(preparedProgram->getRewardModel(0));
}
std::unordered_map<std::string, storm::models::symbolic::StandardRewardModel<Type, double>> rewardModels;
for (auto const& rewardModel : selectedRewardModels) {
rewardModels.emplace(rewardModel.get().getName(), createRewardModelDecisionDiagrams(generationInfo, rewardModel.get(), globalModule, transitionMatrix, reachableStatesAdd, stateActionDd));
}
// Build the labels that can be accessed as a shortcut.
std::map<std::string, storm::expressions::Expression> labelToExpressionMapping;
for (auto const& label : preparedProgram->getLabels()) {
labelToExpressionMapping.emplace(label.getName(), label.getStatePredicateExpression());
}
if (program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::DTMC) {
return std::shared_ptr<storm::models::symbolic::Model<Type>>(new storm::models::symbolic::Dtmc<Type>(generationInfo.manager, reachableStates, initialStates, transitionMatrix, generationInfo.rowMetaVariables, generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter, generationInfo.columnMetaVariables, generationInfo.columnExpressionAdapter, generationInfo.rowColumnMetaVariablePairs, labelToExpressionMapping, rewardModels));
} else if (program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::CTMC) {
return std::shared_ptr<storm::models::symbolic::Model<Type>>(new storm::models::symbolic::Ctmc<Type>(generationInfo.manager, reachableStates, initialStates, transitionMatrix, generationInfo.rowMetaVariables, generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter, generationInfo.columnMetaVariables, generationInfo.columnExpressionAdapter, generationInfo.rowColumnMetaVariablePairs, labelToExpressionMapping, rewardModels));
} else if (program.getModelType() == storm::prism::Program::ModelType::MDP) {
return std::shared_ptr<storm::models::symbolic::Model<Type>>(new storm::models::symbolic::Mdp<Type>(generationInfo.manager, reachableStates, initialStates, transitionMatrix, generationInfo.rowMetaVariables, generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter, generationInfo.columnMetaVariables, generationInfo.columnExpressionAdapter, generationInfo.rowColumnMetaVariablePairs, generationInfo.allNondeterminismVariables, labelToExpressionMapping, rewardModels));
} else {
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::InvalidArgumentException, "Invalid model type.");
}
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::createInitialStatesDecisionDiagram(GenerationInformation& generationInfo) {
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> initialStates = generationInfo.rowExpressionAdapter->translateExpression(generationInfo.program.getInitialConstruct().getInitialStatesExpression()).toBdd();
for (auto const& metaVariable : generationInfo.rowMetaVariables) {
initialStates &= generationInfo.manager->getRange(metaVariable);
}
return initialStates;
}
template <storm::dd::DdType Type, typename ValueType>
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> DdPrismModelBuilder<Type, ValueType>::computeReachableStates(GenerationInformation& generationInfo, storm::dd::Bdd<Type> const& initialStates, storm::dd::Bdd<Type> const& transitionBdd) {
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> reachableStates = initialStates;
// Perform the BFS to discover all reachable states.
bool changed = true;
uint_fast64_t iteration = 0;
do {
STORM_LOG_TRACE("Iteration " << iteration << " of reachability analysis.");
changed = false;
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> tmp = reachableStates.relationalProduct(transitionBdd, generationInfo.rowMetaVariables, generationInfo.columnMetaVariables);
storm::dd::Bdd<Type> newReachableStates = tmp && (!reachableStates);
// Check whether new states were indeed discovered.
if (!newReachableStates.isZero()) {
changed = true;
}
reachableStates |= newReachableStates;
++iteration;
} while (changed);
return reachableStates;
}
// Explicitly instantiate the symbolic model builder.
template class DdPrismModelBuilder<storm::dd::DdType::CUDD>;
template class DdPrismModelBuilder<storm::dd::DdType::Sylvan>;
} // namespace adapters
} // namespace storm