// CROWDS [Reiter,Rubin] // Vitaly Shmatikov, 2002 // Modified by Ernst Moritz Hahn (emh@cs.uni-sb.de) // note: // Change everything marked CWDSIZ when changing the size of the crowd // Change everything marked CWDMAX when increasing max size of the crowd dtmc // Model parameters const double PF; // forwarding probability const double badC; // probability that member is untrustworthy // Probability of forwarding // const double PF = 0.8; // const double notPF = 0.2; // must be 1-PF // Probability that a crowd member is bad // const double badC = 0.1; // const double badC = 0.091; // const double badC = 0.167; // const double goodC = 0.909; // must be 1-badC // const double goodC = 0.833; // must be 1-badC const int CrowdSize = 3; // CWDSIZ: actual number of good crowd members const int TotalRuns = 5; // Total number of protocol runs to analyze const int MaxGood=20; // CWDMAX: maximum number of good crowd members // Process definitions module crowds // Auxiliary variables launch: bool init true; // Start modeling? newInstance: bool init false; // Initialize a new protocol instance? runCount: [0..TotalRuns] init TotalRuns; // Counts protocol instances start: bool init false; // Start the protocol? run: bool init false; // Run the protocol? lastSeen: [0..MaxGood] init 0; // Last crowd member to touch msg good: bool init false; // Crowd member is good? bad: bool init false; // ... bad? recordLast: bool init false; // Record last seen crowd member? badObserve: bool init false; // Bad members observes who sent msg? deliver: bool init false; // Deliver message to destination? done: bool init false; // Protocol instance finished? // Counters for attackers' observations // CWDMAX: 1 counter per each good crowd member observe0: [0..TotalRuns]; observe1: [0..TotalRuns]; observe2: [0..TotalRuns]; observe3: [0..TotalRuns]; observe4: [0..TotalRuns]; observe5: [0..TotalRuns]; observe6: [0..TotalRuns]; observe7: [0..TotalRuns]; observe8: [0..TotalRuns]; observe9: [0..TotalRuns]; observe10: [0..TotalRuns]; observe11: [0..TotalRuns]; observe12: [0..TotalRuns]; observe13: [0..TotalRuns]; observe14: [0..TotalRuns]; observe15: [0..TotalRuns]; observe16: [0..TotalRuns]; observe17: [0..TotalRuns]; observe18: [0..TotalRuns]; observe19: [0..TotalRuns]; [] launch -> (newInstance'=true) & (runCount'=TotalRuns) & (launch'=false); // Set up a newInstance protocol instance [] newInstance & runCount>0 -> (runCount'=runCount-1) & (newInstance'=false) & (start'=true); // SENDER // Start the protocol [] start -> (lastSeen'=0) & (run'=true) & (deliver'=false) & (start'=false); // CROWD MEMBERS // Good or bad crowd member? [] !good & !bad & !deliver & run -> 1-badC : (good'=true) & (recordLast'=true) & (run'=false) + badC : (bad'=true) & (badObserve'=true) & (run'=false); // GOOD MEMBERS // Forward with probability PF, else deliver [] good & !deliver & run -> PF : (good'=false) + 1-PF : (deliver'=true); // Record the last crowd member who touched the msg; // all good members may appear with equal probability // Note: This is backward. In the real protocol, each honest // forwarder randomly chooses the next forwarder. // Here, the identity of an honest forwarder is randomly // chosen *after* it has forwarded the message. [] recordLast & CrowdSize=2 -> 1/2 : (lastSeen'=0) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/2 : (lastSeen'=1) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true); [] recordLast & CrowdSize=3 -> 1/3 : (lastSeen'=0) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/3 : (lastSeen'=1) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/3 : (lastSeen'=2) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true); [] recordLast & CrowdSize=4 -> 1/4 : (lastSeen'=0) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/4 : (lastSeen'=1) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/4 : (lastSeen'=2) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/4 : (lastSeen'=3) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true); [] recordLast & CrowdSize=5 -> 1/5 : (lastSeen'=0) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/5 : (lastSeen'=1) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/5 : (lastSeen'=2) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/5 : (lastSeen'=3) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/5 : (lastSeen'=4) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true); [] recordLast & CrowdSize=10 -> 1/10 : (lastSeen'=0) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/10 : (lastSeen'=1) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/10 : (lastSeen'=2) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/10 : (lastSeen'=3) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/10 : (lastSeen'=4) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/10 : (lastSeen'=5) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/10 : (lastSeen'=6) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/10 : (lastSeen'=7) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/10 : (lastSeen'=8) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/10 : (lastSeen'=9) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true); [] recordLast & CrowdSize=15 -> 1/15 : (lastSeen'=0) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=1) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=2) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=3) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=4) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=5) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=6) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=7) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=8) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=9) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=10) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=11) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=12) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=13) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/15 : (lastSeen'=14) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true); [] recordLast & CrowdSize=20 -> 1/20 : (lastSeen'=0) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=1) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=2) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=3) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=4) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=5) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=6) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=7) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=8) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=9) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=10) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=11) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=12) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=13) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=14) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=15) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=16) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=17) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=18) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true) + 1/20 : (lastSeen'=19) & (recordLast'=false) & (run'=true); // BAD MEMBERS // Remember from whom the message was received and deliver // CWDMAX: 1 rule per each good crowd member [] lastSeen=0 & badObserve & observe0 (observe0' =observe0 +1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=1 & badObserve & observe1 (observe1' =observe1 +1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=2 & badObserve & observe2 (observe2' =observe2 +1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=3 & badObserve & observe3 (observe3' =observe3 +1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=4 & badObserve & observe4 (observe4' =observe4 +1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=5 & badObserve & observe5 (observe5' =observe5 +1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=6 & badObserve & observe6 (observe6' =observe6 +1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=7 & badObserve & observe7 (observe7' =observe7 +1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=8 & badObserve & observe8 (observe8' =observe8 +1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=9 & badObserve & observe9 (observe9' =observe9 +1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=10 & badObserve & observe10 (observe10'=observe10+1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=11 & badObserve & observe11 (observe11'=observe11+1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=12 & badObserve & observe12 (observe12'=observe12+1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=13 & badObserve & observe13 (observe13'=observe13+1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=14 & badObserve & observe14 (observe14'=observe14+1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=15 & badObserve & observe15 (observe15'=observe15+1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=16 & badObserve & observe16 (observe16'=observe16+1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=17 & badObserve & observe17 (observe17'=observe17+1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=18 & badObserve & observe18 (observe18'=observe18+1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); [] lastSeen=19 & badObserve & observe19 (observe19'=observe19+1) & (deliver'=true) & (run'=true) & (badObserve'=false); // RECIPIENT // Delivery to destination [] deliver & run -> (done'=true) & (deliver'=false) & (run'=false) & (good'=false) & (bad'=false); // Start a newInstance instance [] done -> (newInstance'=true) & (done'=false) & (run'=false) & (lastSeen'=MaxGood); endmodule label "observe0Greater1" = observe0 > 1; label "observeIGreater1" = observe1>1|observe2>1; label "observeOnlyTrueSender" = observe0>1&observe1<=1 & observe2<=1;