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\begin{enumerate}
\item using \textit{variable order} $c < a < d < b$:\\
\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{tabbing}
$f$ \= $= (a \lor b \lor c) \land \lnot d$\\
\>$ f_c $ \= $= \lnot d$ \\
\>\>$ f_{ca} $ \= $= \lnot d$ \\
\>\>$ f_{c \lnot a} $ \= $= \lnot d$ \\
\>\>\Rightarrow a does not have an influence\\
\>\>on the formula.\\
\>\>These cofactors can be skipped.\\
\>\>$ f_{cd} $ \= $= \bot$ \\
\>\>$ f_{c \lnot d} $ \= $= \top $ \\
\>$ f_{\lnot c} $ \= $= (a \lor b) \land \lnot d$ \\
\>\>$ f_{\lnot ca} $ \= $= \lnot d = f_{c}$ \\
\>\>$ f_{\lnot c \lnot a} $ \= $= b \land \lnot d$ \\
\>\>\>$ f_{\lnot c \lnot ad} $ \= $= \bot$ \\
\>\>\>$ f_{\lnot c \lnot a \lnot d} $ \= $= b$ \\
\>\>\>\>$ f_{\lnot c \lnot a \lnot db} $ \= $= \top$ \\
\>\>\>\>$ f_{\lnot c \lnot a \lnot db} $ \= $= \bot$ \\
\end{tabbing}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\begin{forest}
for tree={circle, draw, no edge,
minimum size=2em,
inner sep=0pt,
s sep=6mm,
l sep=6mm}
[$f$, rectangle, draw, tikz={\draw [fulldot=.5] () to (c.north);}
[,phantom]
[$c$, name=c, tikz={\draw [line] () to (d1.north); \draw [dot=.5] () to (a.north);}
[$f_{c}$, rectangle, draw, tikz={\draw [fulldot=.5] () to (d1.north west);}]
[,phantom]
[$a$, name=a, tikz={\draw [line,bend left=30] () to (d1.north); \draw [dot=.5] () to (d2.north);}
[$d$, name=d1, tikz={\draw [line] () to (-2,-5); \draw [fulldot=.5] () to (-1,-5);}]
[,phantom]
[$d$, name=d2, tikz={\draw [line] () to (0.6,-5); \draw [fulldot=.5] () to (b.north);}
[,phantom]
[$b$, name=b, tikz={\draw [line] () to (1.3,-6.3); \draw [fulldot=.5] () to (2.3,-6.3);}]
]
[$f_{\lnot c \lnot a \lnot d}$, rectangle, draw, tikz={\draw [line] () to (b.north east);}]
]
[$f_{\lnot c \lnot a}$, rectangle, draw, tikz={\draw [fulldot=.5] () to (d2.north east);}]
]
[$f_{\lnot c}$, rectangle, draw, tikz={\draw [fulldot=.5] () to (a.north east);}]
]
\end{forest}
\end{center}
\end{minipage}
\item
using \textit{variable order} $d < a < b < c$:\\
\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{tabbing}
$f$ \= $= (a \lor b \lor c) \land \lnot d$\\
\>$ f_d $ \= $= \bot$ \\
\>$ f_{\lnot d} $ \= $= a \lor b \lor c$ \\
\>\>$ f_{\lnot da} $ \= $= \top$ \\
\>\>$ f_{\lnot d \lnot a} $ \= $= b \lor c$ \\
\>\>\>$ f_{\lnot d \lnot ab} $ \= $= \top$ \\
\>\>\>$ f_{\lnot d \lnot a \lnot b} $ \= $= c$ \\
\>\>\>\>$ f_{\lnot d \lnot a \lnot bc} $ \= $= \top$ \\
\>\>\>\>$ f_{\lnot d \lnot a \lnot b \lnot c} $ \= $= \bot$ \\
\end{tabbing}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\begin{forest}
for tree={circle, draw, no edge,
minimum size=2em,
inner sep=0pt,
s sep=6mm,
l sep=6mm}
[$f$, rectangle, draw, tikz={\draw [fulldot=.5] () to (d.north);}
[,phantom]
[$d$, name=d, tikz={\draw [line] () to (-0.5,-2.3); \draw [fulldot=.5] () to (a.north);}
[,phantom]
[,phantom]
[$a$, name=a, tikz={\draw [line] () to (0,-3.6); \draw [dot=.5] () to (b.north);}
[,phantom]
[,phantom]
[$b$, name=b, tikz={\draw [line] () to (0.5,-4.9); \draw [dot=.5] () to (c.north);}
[,phantom]
[,phantom]
[$c$, name=c, tikz={\draw [line] () to (1.3,-6.2); \draw [fulldot=.5] () to (2.3,-6.2);}
]
[,phantom]
]
[$f_{\lnot d \lnot a \lnot b}$, rectangle, draw, tikz={\draw [line] () to (c.north east);}]
]
[$f_{\lnot d \lnot a}$, rectangle, draw, tikz={\draw [line] () to (b.north east);}]
]
[$f_{\lnot d}$, rectangle, draw, tikz={\draw [line] () to (a.north east);}]
]
\end{forest}
\end{center}
\end{minipage}
\end{enumerate}