We start by translating $\varphi$ to $\hat{\varphi} = \skel$ and assign the following variables to the theory literals: \begin{itemize} \item $e_{0}\Leftrightarrow(a=b)$ \item $e_{1}\Leftrightarrow(a=f(a))$ \item $e_{2}\Leftrightarrow(f(a)=b)$ \item $e_{3}\Leftrightarrow(c=b)$ \item $e_{4}\Leftrightarrow(f(a)=c)$ \item $e_{5}\Leftrightarrow(f(b)=c)$ \end{itemize} $\hat{\varphi} = (\clause{e_{0}; e_{1}}) \land (\clause{e_{2}; e_{3}; e_{4}}) \land (\clause{e_{5}; \lnot e_{2}; \lnot e_{4}}) \land (\clause{\lnot e_{0}; \lnot e_{1}}) \land (\clause{e_{1}; \lnot e_{3}}) $ \hspace{-0.09cm}\scalebox{0.85}{ \begin{dplltabular}{6} \dpllStep{1|2|3|4|5|6} \dpllDecL{0|0|0|0|1|1} \dpllAssi{ - |$e_{5}$|$e_{5}, e_{2}$|$e_{5}, e_{2}, \lnot e_{3}$|\makecell{$e_{5}, e_{2}, \lnot e_{3}, $ \\ $\lnot e_{0}$}|\makecell{$e_{5}, e_{2}, \lnot e_{3}, $ \\ $\lnot e_{0}, e_{1}$}} \dpllClause{1}{$e_{0}, e_{1}$}{$e_{0}, e_{1}$|$e_{0}, e_{1}$|$e_{0}, e_{1}$|$e_{0}, e_{1}$|$e_{1}$|\done} \dpllClause{2}{$e_{2}, e_{3}, e_{4}$}{$e_{2}, e_{3}, e_{4}$|$e_{2}, e_{3}, e_{4}$|\done|\done|\done|\done} \dpllClause{3}{$e_{5}, \lnot e_{2}, \lnot e_{4}$}{$e_{5}, \lnot e_{2}, \lnot e_{4}$|\done|\done|\done|\done|\done} \dpllClause{4}{$\lnot e_{0}, \lnot e_{1}$}{$\lnot e_{0}, \lnot e_{1}$|$\lnot e_{0}, \lnot e_{1}$|$\lnot e_{0}, \lnot e_{1}$|$\lnot e_{0}, \lnot e_{1}$|\done|\done} \dpllClause{5}{$e_{1}, \lnot e_{3}$}{$e_{1}, \lnot e_{3}$|$e_{1}, \lnot e_{3}$|$e_{1}, \lnot e_{3}$|\done|\done|\done} \dpllBCP{ - | - | - | - |$e_{1}$| - } \dpllPL{$e_{5}$|$e_{2}$|$\lnot e_{3}$| - | - | - } \dpllDeci{ - | - | - |$\lnot e_{0}$| - | - } \end{dplltabular} } $\Model_{\EUF} := (a \neq b) \land (a = f(a)) \land (f(a) = b) \land (c \neq b) \land (f(b) = c) $ \\ Check if the assignment is consistent with the theory: \begin{align*} &\{a, f(a)\}, \{f(a), b\}, \{f(b), c\}\\ &\{f(b), c\}, \{a, b, f(a)\} \end{align*} $\Model_{\EUF}$ is not consistent with the theory, because of: $(a \neq b) $\\ $\Rightarrow$ We need to add a blocking clause from $\Model_{\EUF}: \\ $ $BC :=\neg e_{5} \lor \neg e_{2} \lor e_{3} \lor e_{0} \lor \neg e_{1}$\\