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#include "DFTASFChecker.h"
#include <string>
#include "storm/utility/file.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/NotImplementedException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/NotSupportedException.h"
namespace storm {
namespace modelchecker {
/*
* Variable[VarIndex] is the maximum of the others
*/
class IsMaximum : public DFTConstraint {
public:
IsMaximum(uint64_t varIndex, std::vector<uint64_t> const& varIndices) : varIndex(varIndex), varIndices(varIndices) {
}
virtual ~IsMaximum() {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
sstr << "(and ";
// assert it is largereq than all values.
for (auto const& ovi : varIndices) {
sstr << "(>= " << varNames.at(varIndex) << " " << varNames.at(ovi) << ") ";
}
// assert it is one of the values.
sstr << "(or ";
for (auto const& ovi : varIndices) {
sstr << "(= " << varNames.at(varIndex) << " " << varNames.at(ovi) << ") ";
}
sstr << ")"; // end of the or
sstr << ")"; // end outer and.
return sstr.str();
}
private:
uint64_t varIndex;
std::vector<uint64_t> varIndices;
};
/*
* First is the minimum of the others
*/
class IsMinimum : public DFTConstraint {
public:
IsMinimum(uint64_t varIndex, std::vector<uint64_t> const& varIndices) : varIndex(varIndex), varIndices(varIndices) {
}
virtual ~IsMinimum() {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
sstr << "(and ";
// assert it is smallereq than all values.
for (auto const& ovi : varIndices) {
sstr << "(<= " << varNames.at(varIndex) << " " << varNames.at(ovi) << ") ";
}
// assert it is one of the values.
sstr << "(or ";
for (auto const& ovi : varIndices) {
sstr << "(= " << varNames.at(varIndex) << " " << varNames.at(ovi) << ") ";
}
sstr << ")"; // end of the or
sstr << ")"; // end outer and.
return sstr.str();
}
private:
uint64_t varIndex;
std::vector<uint64_t> varIndices;
};
class BetweenValues : public DFTConstraint {
public:
BetweenValues(uint64_t varIndex, uint64_t lower, uint64_t upper) : varIndex(varIndex), upperBound(upper) , lowerBound(lower) {
}
virtual ~BetweenValues() {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
sstr << "(and ";
sstr << "(>= " << varNames.at(varIndex) << " " << lowerBound << ")";
sstr << "(<= " << varNames.at(varIndex) << " " << upperBound << ")";
sstr << ")";
return sstr.str();
}
private:
uint64_t varIndex;
uint64_t upperBound;
uint64_t lowerBound;
};
class And : public DFTConstraint {
public:
And(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint>> const& constraints) : constraints(constraints) {}
virtual ~And() {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
sstr << "(and";
for(auto const& c : constraints) {
sstr << " " << c->toSmtlib2(varNames);
}
sstr << ")";
return sstr.str();
}
private:
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint>> constraints;
};
class Implies : public DFTConstraint {
public:
Implies(std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> l, std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> r) : lhs(l), rhs(r) {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
sstr << "(=> " << lhs->toSmtlib2(varNames) << " " << rhs->toSmtlib2(varNames) << ")";
return sstr.str();
}
private:
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> lhs;
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> rhs;
};
class Iff : public DFTConstraint {
public:
Iff(std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> l, std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> r) : lhs(l), rhs(r) {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
sstr << "(= " << lhs->toSmtlib2(varNames) << " " << rhs->toSmtlib2(varNames) << ")";
return sstr.str();
}
private:
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> lhs;
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> rhs;
};
class IsConstantValue : public DFTConstraint {
public:
IsConstantValue(uint64_t varIndex, uint64_t val) : varIndex(varIndex), value(val) {
}
virtual ~IsConstantValue() {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
assert(varIndex < varNames.size());
sstr << "(= " << varNames.at(varIndex) << " " << value << ")";
return sstr.str();
}
private:
uint64_t varIndex;
uint64_t value;
};
class IsLessConstant : public DFTConstraint {
public:
IsLessConstant(uint64_t varIndex, uint64_t val) :varIndex(varIndex), value(val) {
}
virtual ~IsLessConstant() {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
assert(varIndex < varNames.size());
sstr << "(< " << varNames.at(varIndex) << " " << value << ")";
return sstr.str();
}
private:
uint64_t varIndex;
uint64_t value;
};
class IsEqual : public DFTConstraint {
public:
IsEqual(uint64_t varIndex1, uint64_t varIndex2) :var1Index(varIndex1), var2Index(varIndex2) {
}
virtual ~IsEqual() {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
return "(= " + varNames.at(var1Index) + " " + varNames.at(var2Index) + ")";
}
private:
uint64_t var1Index;
uint64_t var2Index;
};
class IsLess : public DFTConstraint {
public:
IsLess(uint64_t varIndex1, uint64_t varIndex2) :var1Index(varIndex1), var2Index(varIndex2) {
}
virtual ~IsLess() {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
return "(< " + varNames.at(var1Index) + " " + varNames.at(var2Index) + ")";
}
private:
uint64_t var1Index;
uint64_t var2Index;
};
class PairwiseDifferent : public DFTConstraint {
public:
PairwiseDifferent(std::vector<uint64_t> const& indices) : varIndices(indices) {
}
virtual ~PairwiseDifferent() {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
sstr << "(distinct";
// for(uint64_t i = 0; i < varIndices.size(); ++i) {
// for(uint64_t j = i + 1; j < varIndices.size(); ++j) {
// sstr << "()";
// }
// }
for (auto const& varIndex : varIndices) {
sstr << " " << varNames.at(varIndex);
}
sstr << ")";
return sstr.str();
}
private:
std::vector<uint64_t> varIndices;
};
class Sorted : public DFTConstraint {
public:
Sorted(std::vector<uint64_t> varIndices) : varIndices(varIndices) {
}
virtual ~Sorted() {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
sstr << "(and ";
for(uint64_t i = 1; i < varIndices.size(); ++i) {
sstr << "(<= " << varNames.at(varIndices.at(i-1)) << " " << varNames.at(varIndices.at(i)) << ")";
}
sstr << ") ";
return sstr.str();
}
private:
std::vector<uint64_t> varIndices;
};
class IfThenElse : public DFTConstraint {
public:
IfThenElse(std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> ifC, std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> thenC, std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> elseC) : ifConstraint(ifC), thenConstraint(thenC), elseConstraint(elseC) {
}
std::string toSmtlib2(std::vector<std::string> const& varNames) const override {
std::stringstream sstr;
sstr << "(ite " << ifConstraint->toSmtlib2(varNames) << " " << thenConstraint->toSmtlib2(varNames) << " " << elseConstraint->toSmtlib2(varNames) << ")";
return sstr.str();
}
private:
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> ifConstraint;
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> thenConstraint;
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> elseConstraint;
};
DFTASFChecker::DFTASFChecker(storm::storage::DFT<double> const& dft) : dft(dft) {
// Intentionally left empty.
}
uint64_t DFTASFChecker::getClaimVariableIndex(uint64_t spare, uint64_t child) const {
return claimVariables.at(SpareAndChildPair(spare, child));
}
void DFTASFChecker::convert() {
std::vector<uint64_t> beVariables;
notFailed = dft.nrBasicElements()+1; // Value indicating the element is not failed
// Initialize variables
for (size_t i = 0; i < dft.nrElements(); ++i) {
std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::DFTElement<ValueType> const> element = dft.getElement(i);
varNames.push_back("t_" + element->name());
timePointVariables.emplace(i, varNames.size() - 1);
switch (element->type()) {
case storm::storage::DFTElementType::BE:
beVariables.push_back(varNames.size() - 1);
break;
case storm::storage::DFTElementType::SPARE:
{
auto spare = std::static_pointer_cast<storm::storage::DFTSpare<double> const>(element);
for( auto const& spareChild : spare->children()) {
varNames.push_back("c_" + element->name() + "_" + spareChild->name());
claimVariables.emplace(SpareAndChildPair(element->id(), spareChild->id()), varNames.size() - 1);
}
break;
}
default:
break;
}
}
// Generate constraints
// All BEs have to fail (first part of constraint 12)
for (auto const& beV : beVariables) {
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<BetweenValues>(beV, 1, dft.nrBasicElements()));
}
// No two BEs fail at the same time (second part of constraint 12)
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<PairwiseDifferent>(beVariables));
constraints.back()->setDescription("No two BEs fail at the same time");
// Initialize claim variables in [1, |BE|+1]
for (auto const& claimVariable : claimVariables) {
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<BetweenValues>(claimVariable.second, 0, notFailed));
}
// Encoding for gates
for (size_t i = 0; i < dft.nrElements(); ++i) {
std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::DFTElement<ValueType> const> element = dft.getElement(i);
// Get indices for gate children
std::vector<uint64_t> childVarIndices;
if (element->isGate()) {
std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::DFTGate<ValueType> const> gate = dft.getGate(i);
for (auto const& child : gate->children()) {
childVarIndices.push_back(timePointVariables.at(child->id()));
}
}
switch (element->type()) {
case storm::storage::DFTElementType::BE:
// BEs were already considered before
break;
case storm::storage::DFTElementType::AND:
// Constraint for AND gate (constraint 1)
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<IsMaximum>(timePointVariables.at(i), childVarIndices));
constraints.back()->setDescription("AND gate");
break;
case storm::storage::DFTElementType::OR:
// Constraint for OR gate (constraint 2)
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<IsMinimum>(timePointVariables.at(i), childVarIndices));
constraints.back()->setDescription("OR gate");
break;
case storm::storage::DFTElementType::PAND:
{
// Constraint for PAND gate (constraint 3)
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> ifC = std::make_shared<Sorted>(childVarIndices);
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> thenC = std::make_shared<IsEqual>(timePointVariables.at(i), childVarIndices.back());
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> elseC = std::make_shared<IsConstantValue>(timePointVariables.at(i), notFailed);
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<IfThenElse>(ifC, thenC, elseC));
constraints.back()->setDescription("PAND gate");
break;
}
case storm::storage::DFTElementType::SEQ:
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "SMT encoding of SEQs is not implemented yet.");
break;
case storm::storage::DFTElementType::SPARE:
{
auto spare = std::static_pointer_cast<storm::storage::DFTSpare<double> const>(element);
auto const& children = spare->children();
uint64_t firstChild = children.front()->id();
uint64_t lastChild = children.back()->id();
// First child of each spare is claimed in the beginning
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<IsConstantValue>(getClaimVariableIndex(spare->id(), firstChild), 0));
constraints.back()->setDescription("SPARE " + spare->name() + " claims first child");
// If last child is claimed before failure, then the spare fails when the last child fails (constraint 5)
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> leftC = std::make_shared<IsLess>(getClaimVariableIndex(spare->id(), lastChild), childVarIndices.back());
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<Implies>(leftC, std::make_shared<IsEqual>(timePointVariables.at(i), childVarIndices.back())));
constraints.back()->setDescription("Last child & claimed -> SPARE fails");
// Construct constraint for trying to claim next child
STORM_LOG_ASSERT(children.size() >= 2, "Spare has only one child");
for (uint64_t currChild = 0; currChild < children.size() - 1; ++currChild) {
uint64_t timeCurrChild = childVarIndices.at(currChild); // Moment when current child fails
// If i-th child fails after being claimed, then try to claim next child (constraint 6)
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> tryClaimC = generateTryToClaimConstraint(spare, currChild + 1, timeCurrChild);
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<Iff>(std::make_shared<IsLess>(getClaimVariableIndex(spare->id(), children.at(currChild)->id()), timeCurrChild), tryClaimC));
constraints.back()->setDescription("Try to claim " + std::to_string(currChild+2) + "th child");
}
break;
}
case storm::storage::DFTElementType::PDEP:
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "SMT encoding of FDEPs and PDEPs is not implemented yet.");
break;
default:
STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotSupportedException, "SMT encoding for type '" << element->type() << "' is not supported.");
break;
}
}
// Only one spare can claim a child (constraint 8)
for (size_t i = 0; i < dft.nrElements(); ++i) {
std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::DFTElement<ValueType> const> element = dft.getElement(i);
if (element->isSpareGate()) {
auto spare = std::static_pointer_cast<storm::storage::DFTSpare<double> const>(element);
for (auto const& child : spare->children()) {
// No other spare claims this child
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint>> noOtherClaims;
for (auto const& otherSpare : child->parents()) {
if (otherSpare->id() == spare->id()) {
// original spare
continue;
}
noOtherClaims.push_back(std::make_shared<IsConstantValue>(getClaimVariableIndex(otherSpare->id(), child->id()), notFailed));
}
if (!noOtherClaims.empty()) {
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> leftC = std::make_shared<IsLessConstant>(getClaimVariableIndex(spare->id(), child->id()), notFailed);
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<Implies>(leftC, std::make_shared<And>(noOtherClaims)));
constraints.back()->setDescription("Only one spare claims the child " + child->name());
}
}
}
}
// Toplevel element will not fail (part of constraint 13)
constraints.push_back(std::make_shared<IsConstantValue>(timePointVariables.at(dft.getTopLevelIndex()), notFailed));
constraints.back()->setDescription("Toplevel element should not fail");
}
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> DFTASFChecker::generateTryToClaimConstraint(std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::DFTSpare<ValueType> const> spare, uint64_t childIndex, uint64_t timepoint) const {
auto child = spare->children().at(childIndex);
uint64_t timeChild = timePointVariables.at(child->id()); // Moment when the child fails
uint64_t claimChild = getClaimVariableIndex(spare->id(), child->id()); // Moment the spare claims the child
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint>> noClaimingPossible;
// Child cannot be claimed.
noClaimingPossible.push_back(std::make_shared<IsEqual>(claimChild, notFailed));
if (childIndex + 1 < spare->children().size()) {
// Consider next child for claiming (second case in constraint 7)
noClaimingPossible.push_back(generateTryToClaimConstraint(spare, childIndex+1, timepoint));
} else {
// Last child: spare fails at same point as this child (third case in constraint 7)
noClaimingPossible.push_back(std::make_shared<IsEqual>(timePointVariables.at(spare->id()), timepoint));
}
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> elseCaseC = std::make_shared<And>(noClaimingPossible);
// Check if next child is availble (first case in constraint 7)
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint>> claimingPossibleC;
// Next child is not yet failed
claimingPossibleC.push_back(std::make_shared<IsLess>(timepoint, timeChild));
// Child is not yet claimed by a different spare
for (auto const& otherSpare : child->parents()) {
if (otherSpare->id() == spare->id()) {
// not a different spare.
continue;
}
claimingPossibleC.push_back(std::make_shared<IsConstantValue>(getClaimVariableIndex(otherSpare->id(), child->id()), notFailed));
}
// Claim child if available
std::shared_ptr<DFTConstraint> firstCaseC = std::make_shared<IfThenElse>(std::make_shared<And>(claimingPossibleC), std::make_shared<IsEqual>(claimChild, timepoint), elseCaseC);
return firstCaseC;
}
void DFTASFChecker::toFile(std::string const& filename) {
std::ofstream stream;
storm::utility::openFile(filename, stream);
stream << "; time point variables" << std::endl;
for (auto const& timeVarEntry : timePointVariables) {
stream << "(declare-fun " << varNames[timeVarEntry.second] << "() Int)" << std::endl;
}
stream << "; claim variables" << std::endl;
for (auto const& claimVarEntry : claimVariables) {
stream << "(declare-fun " << varNames[claimVarEntry.second] << "() Int)" << std::endl;
}
for (auto const& constraint : constraints) {
if (!constraint->description().empty()) {
stream << "; " << constraint->description() << std::endl;
}
stream << "(assert " << constraint->toSmtlib2(varNames) << ")" << std::endl;
}
stream << "(check-sat)" << std::endl;
storm::utility::closeFile(stream);
}
}
}