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#ifndef STORM_STORAGE_DeterministicModelBisimulationDecomposition_H_
#define STORM_STORAGE_DeterministicModelBisimulationDecomposition_H_
#include <queue>
#include <deque>
#include "src/storage/sparse/StateType.h"
#include "src/storage/Decomposition.h"
#include "src/logic/Formulas.h"
#include "src/models/Dtmc.h"
#include "src/models/Ctmc.h"
#include "src/storage/Distribution.h"
#include "src/utility/ConstantsComparator.h"
#include "src/utility/OsDetection.h"
namespace storm {
namespace storage {
/*!
* This class represents the decomposition model into its (strong) bisimulation quotient.
*/
template <typename ValueType>
class DeterministicModelBisimulationDecomposition : public Decomposition<StateBlock> {
public:
// A class that offers the possibility to customize the bisimulation.
struct Options {
// Creates an object representing the default values for all options.
Options();
/*!
* Creates an object representing the options necessary to obtain the smallest quotient while still
* preserving the given formula.
*
* @param The model for which the quotient model shall be computed. This needs to be given in order to
* derive a suitable initial partition.
* @param formula The formula that is to be preserved.
*/
Options(storm::models::AbstractModel<ValueType> const& model, storm::logic::Formula const& formula);
// A flag that indicates whether a measure driven initial partition is to be used. If this flag is set
// to true, the two optional pairs phiStatesAndLabel and psiStatesAndLabel must be set. Then, the
// measure driven initial partition wrt. to the states phi and psi is taken.
bool measureDrivenInitialPartition;
boost::optional<storm::storage::BitVector> phiStates;
boost::optional<storm::storage::BitVector> psiStates;
// An optional set of strings that indicate which of the atomic propositions of the model are to be
// respected and which may be ignored. If not given, all atomic propositions of the model are respected.
boost::optional<std::set<std::string>> respectedAtomicPropositions;
// A flag that indicates whether or not the state-rewards of the model are to be respected (and should
// be kept in the quotient model, if one is built).
bool keepRewards;
// A flag that indicates whether a strong or a weak bisimulation is to be computed.
bool weak;
// A flag that indicates whether step-bounded properties are to be preserved. This may only be set to tru
// when computing strong bisimulation equivalence.
bool bounded;
// A flag that governs whether the quotient model is actually built or only the decomposition is computed.
bool buildQuotient;
};
/*!
* Decomposes the given DTMC into equivalance classes of a bisimulation. Which kind of bisimulation is
* computed, is customizable via the given options.
*
* @param model The model to decompose.
* @param options The options that customize the computed bisimulation.
*/
DeterministicModelBisimulationDecomposition(storm::models::Dtmc<ValueType> const& model, Options const& options = Options());
/*!
* Decomposes the given CTMC into equivalance classes of a bisimulation. Which kind of bisimulation is
* computed, is customizable via the given options.
*
* @param model The model to decompose.
* @param options The options that customize the computed bisimulation.
*/
DeterministicModelBisimulationDecomposition(storm::models::Ctmc<ValueType> const& model, Options const& options = Options());
/*!
* Retrieves the quotient of the model under the previously computed bisimulation.
*
* @return The quotient model.
*/
std::shared_ptr<storm::models::AbstractDeterministicModel<ValueType>> getQuotient() const;
private:
enum class BisimulationType { Strong, WeakDtmc, WeakCtmc };
class Partition;
class Block {
public:
typedef typename std::list<Block>::iterator iterator;
typedef typename std::list<Block>::const_iterator const_iterator;
// Creates a new block with the given begin and end.
Block(storm::storage::sparse::state_type begin, storm::storage::sparse::state_type end, Block* prev, Block* next, std::size_t id);
// Prints the block.
void print(Partition const& partition) const;
// Sets the beginning index of the block.
void setBegin(storm::storage::sparse::state_type begin);
// Moves the beginning index of the block one step further.
void incrementBegin();
// Sets the end index of the block.
void setEnd(storm::storage::sparse::state_type end);
// Returns the beginning index of the block.
storm::storage::sparse::state_type getBegin() const;
// Returns the beginning index of the block.
storm::storage::sparse::state_type getEnd() const;
// Retrieves the original beginning index of the block in case the begin index has been moved.
storm::storage::sparse::state_type getOriginalBegin() const;
// Returns the iterator the block in the list of overall blocks.
iterator getIterator() const;
// Returns the iterator the block in the list of overall blocks.
void setIterator(iterator it);
// Returns the iterator the next block in the list of overall blocks if it exists.
iterator getNextIterator() const;
// Returns the iterator the next block in the list of overall blocks if it exists.
iterator getPreviousIterator() const;
// Gets the next block (if there is one).
Block& getNextBlock();
// Gets the next block (if there is one).
Block const& getNextBlock() const;
// Gets a pointer to the next block (if there is one).
Block* getNextBlockPointer();
// Retrieves whether the block as a successor block.
bool hasNextBlock() const;
// Gets the previous block (if there is one).
Block& getPreviousBlock();
// Gets a pointer to the previous block (if there is one).
Block* getPreviousBlockPointer();
// Gets the next block (if there is one).
Block const& getPreviousBlock() const;
// Retrieves whether the block as a successor block.
bool hasPreviousBlock() const;
// Checks consistency of the information in the block.
bool check() const;
// Retrieves the number of states in this block.
std::size_t getNumberOfStates() const;
// Checks whether the block is marked as a splitter.
bool isMarkedAsSplitter() const;
// Marks the block as being a splitter.
void markAsSplitter();
// Removes the mark.
void unmarkAsSplitter();
// Retrieves the ID of the block.
std::size_t getId() const;
// Retrieves the marked position in the block.
storm::storage::sparse::state_type getMarkedPosition() const;
// Sets the marked position to the given value..
void setMarkedPosition(storm::storage::sparse::state_type position);
// Increases the marked position by one.
void incrementMarkedPosition();
// Resets the marked position to the begin of the block.
void resetMarkedPosition();
// Retrieves whether the block is marked as a predecessor.
bool isMarkedAsPredecessor() const;
// Marks the block as being a predecessor block.
void markAsPredecessorBlock();
// Removes the marking.
void unmarkAsPredecessorBlock();
// Sets whether or not the block is to be interpreted as absorbing.
void setAbsorbing(bool absorbing);
// Retrieves whether the block is to be interpreted as absorbing.
bool isAbsorbing() const;
// Sets the representative state of this block
void setRepresentativeState(storm::storage::sparse::state_type representativeState);
// Retrieves the representative state for this block.
bool hasRepresentativeState() const;
// Retrieves the representative state for this block.
storm::storage::sparse::state_type getRepresentativeState() const;
private:
// An iterator to itself. This is needed to conveniently insert elements in the overall list of blocks
// kept by the partition.
iterator selfIt;
// Pointers to the next and previous block.
Block* next;
Block* prev;
// The begin and end indices of the block in terms of the state vector of the partition.
storm::storage::sparse::state_type begin;
storm::storage::sparse::state_type end;
// A field that can be used for marking the block.
bool markedAsSplitter;
// A field that can be used for marking the block as a predecessor block.
bool markedAsPredecessorBlock;
// A position that can be used to store a certain position within the block.
storm::storage::sparse::state_type markedPosition;
// A flag indicating whether the block is to be interpreted as absorbing or not.
bool absorbing;
// The ID of the block. This is only used for debugging purposes.
std::size_t id;
// An optional representative state for the block. If this is set, this state is used to derive the
// atomic propositions of the meta state in the quotient model.
boost::optional<storm::storage::sparse::state_type> representativeState;
};
class Partition {
public:
friend class Block;
/*!
* Creates a partition with one block consisting of all the states.
*
* @param numberOfStates The number of states the partition holds.
* @param keepSilentProbabilities A flag indicating whether or not silent probabilities are to be tracked.
*/
Partition(std::size_t numberOfStates, bool keepSilentProbabilities = false);
/*!
* Creates a partition with three blocks: one with all phi states, one with all psi states and one with
* all other states. The former two blocks are marked as being absorbing, because their outgoing
* transitions shall not be taken into account for future refinement.
*
* @param numberOfStates The number of states the partition holds.
* @param prob0States The states which have probability 0 of satisfying phi until psi.
* @param prob1States The states which have probability 1 of satisfying phi until psi.
* @param representativeProb1State If the set of prob1States is non-empty, this needs to be a state
* that is representative for this block in the sense that the state representing this block in the quotient
* model will receive exactly the atomic propositions of the representative state.
* @param keepSilentProbabilities A flag indicating whether or not silent probabilities are to be tracked.
*/
Partition(std::size_t numberOfStates, storm::storage::BitVector const& prob0States, storm::storage::BitVector const& prob1States, boost::optional<storm::storage::sparse::state_type> representativeProb1State, bool keepSilentProbabilities = false);
Partition() = default;
Partition(Partition const& other) = default;
Partition& operator=(Partition const& other) = default;
// Define move-construct and move-assignment explicitly to make sure they exist (as they are vital to
// keep validity of pointers.
Partition(Partition&& other) : blocks(std::move(other.blocks)), numberOfBlocks(other.numberOfBlocks), stateToBlockMapping(std::move(other.stateToBlockMapping)), statesAndValues(std::move(other.statesAndValues)), positions(std::move(other.positions)), keepSilentProbabilities(other.keepSilentProbabilities), silentProbabilities(std::move(other.silentProbabilities)) {
// Intentionally left empty.
}
Partition& operator=(Partition&& other) {
if (this != &other) {
blocks = std::move(other.blocks);
numberOfBlocks = other.numberOfBlocks;
stateToBlockMapping = std::move(other.stateToBlockMapping);
statesAndValues = std::move(other.statesAndValues);
positions = std::move(other.positions);
keepSilentProbabilities = other.keepSilentProbabilities;
silentProbabilities = std::move(other.silentProbabilities);
}
return *this;
}
/*!
* Splits all blocks of the partition such that afterwards all blocks contain only states with the label
* or no labeled state at all.
*/
void splitLabel(storm::storage::BitVector const& statesWithLabel);
// Retrieves the size of the partition, i.e. the number of blocks.
std::size_t size() const;
// Prints the partition to the standard output.
void print() const;
// Splits the block at the given position and inserts a new block after the current one holding the rest
// of the states.
Block& splitBlock(Block& block, storm::storage::sparse::state_type position);
// Inserts a block before the given block. The new block will cover all states between the beginning
// of the given block and the end of the previous block.
Block& insertBlock(Block& block);
// Retrieves the blocks of the partition.
std::list<Block> const& getBlocks() const;
// Retrieves the blocks of the partition.
std::list<Block>& getBlocks();
// Checks the partition for internal consistency.
bool check() const;
// Returns an iterator to the beginning of the states of the given block.
typename std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>::iterator getBegin(Block const& block);
// Returns an iterator to the beginning of the states of the given block.
typename std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>::iterator getEnd(Block const& block);
// Returns an iterator to the beginning of the states of the given block.
typename std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>::const_iterator getBegin(Block const& block) const;
// Returns an iterator to the beginning of the states of the given block.
typename std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>::const_iterator getEnd(Block const& block) const;
// Swaps the positions of the two given states.
void swapStates(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state1, storm::storage::sparse::state_type state2);
// Swaps the positions of the two states given by their positions.
void swapStatesAtPositions(storm::storage::sparse::state_type position1, storm::storage::sparse::state_type position2);
// Retrieves the block of the given state.
Block& getBlock(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state);
// Retrieves the block of the given state.
Block const& getBlock(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state) const;
// Retrieves the position of the given state.
storm::storage::sparse::state_type const& getPosition(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state) const;
// Retrieves the position of the given state.
void setPosition(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state, storm::storage::sparse::state_type position);
// Sets the position of the state to the given position.
storm::storage::sparse::state_type const& getState(storm::storage::sparse::state_type position) const;
// Retrieves the value for the given state.
ValueType const& getValue(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state) const;
// Retrieves the value at the given position.
ValueType const& getValueAtPosition(storm::storage::sparse::state_type position) const;
// Sets the given value for the given state.
void setValue(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state, ValueType value);
// Retrieves the vector with the probabilities going into the current splitter.
std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>& getStatesAndValues();
// Increases the value for the given state by the specified amount.
void increaseValue(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state, ValueType value);
// Updates the block mapping for the given range of states to the specified block.
void updateBlockMapping(Block& block, typename std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>::iterator first, typename std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>::iterator last);
// Retrieves the first block of the partition.
Block& getFirstBlock();
// Retrieves whether the given state is fully silent (only in case the silent probabilities are tracked).
bool isSilent(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state, storm::utility::ConstantsComparator<ValueType> const& comparator) const;
// Retrieves whether the given state has a non-zero silent probability.
bool hasSilentProbability(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state, storm::utility::ConstantsComparator<ValueType> const& comparator) const;
// Retrieves the silent probability (i.e. the probability to stay within the own equivalence class).
ValueType const& getSilentProbability(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state) const;
// Sets the silent probabilities for all the states in the range to their values in the range.
void setSilentProbabilities(typename std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>::iterator first, typename std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>::iterator last);
// Sets the silent probabilities for all states in the range to zero.
void setSilentProbabilitiesToZero(typename std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>::iterator first, typename std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>>::iterator last);
// Sets the silent probability for the given state to the given value.
void setSilentProbability(storm::storage::sparse::state_type state, ValueType const& value);
private:
// The list of blocks in the partition.
std::list<Block> blocks;
// The number of blocks of the partition. Although this could be retrieved via block.size(), we want to
// guarantee constant access time (which is currently not guaranteed by gcc'c standard libary).
uint_fast64_t numberOfBlocks;
// A mapping of states to their blocks.
std::vector<Block*> stateToBlockMapping;
// A vector containing all the states and their values. It is ordered in a special way such that the
// blocks only need to define their start/end indices.
std::vector<std::pair<storm::storage::sparse::state_type, ValueType>> statesAndValues;
// This vector keeps track of the position of each state in the state vector.
std::vector<storm::storage::sparse::state_type> positions;
// A flag that indicates whether or not the vector with silent probabilities exists.
bool keepSilentProbabilities;
// This vector keeps track of the silent probabilities (i.e. the probabilities going into the very own
// equivalence class) of each state. This means that a state is silent iff its entry is non-zero.
std::vector<ValueType> silentProbabilities;
};
/*!
* Performs the partition refinement on the model and thereby computes the equivalence classes under strong
* bisimulation equivalence. If required, the quotient model is built and may be retrieved using
* getQuotient().
*
* @param model The model on whose state space to compute the coarses strong bisimulation relation.
* @param atomicPropositions The set of atomic propositions that the bisimulation considers.
* @param backwardTransitions The backward transitions of the model.
* @param The initial partition.
* @param bisimulationType The kind of bisimulation that is to be computed.
* @param buildQuotient If set, the quotient model is built and may be retrieved using the getQuotient()
* method.
*/
template<typename ModelType>
void partitionRefinement(ModelType const& model, std::set<std::string> const& atomicPropositions, storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType> const& backwardTransitions, Partition& partition, BisimulationType bisimulationType, bool keepRewards, bool buildQuotient);
/*!
* Refines the partition based on the provided splitter. After calling this method all blocks are stable
* with respect to the splitter.
*
* @param forwardTransitions The forward transitions of the model.
* @param backwardTransitions A matrix that can be used to retrieve the predecessors (and their
* probabilities).
* @param splitter The splitter to use.
* @param partition The partition to split.
* @param bisimulationType The kind of bisimulation that is to be computed.
* @param splitterQueue A queue into which all blocks that were split are inserted so they can be treated
* as splitters in the future.
*/
void refinePartition(storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType> const& forwardTransitions, storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType> const& backwardTransitions, Block& splitter, Partition& partition, BisimulationType bisimulationType, std::deque<Block*>& splitterQueue);
/*!
* Refines the block based on their probability values (leading into the splitter).
*
* @param block The block to refine.
* @param partition The partition that contains the block.
* @param bisimulationType The kind of bisimulation that is to be computed.
* @param splitterQueue A queue into which all blocks that were split are inserted so they can be treated
* as splitters in the future.
*/
void refineBlockProbabilities(Block& block, Partition& partition, BisimulationType bisimulationType, std::deque<Block*>& splitterQueue);
void refineBlockWeak(Block& block, Partition& partition, storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType> const& forwardTransitions, storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType> const& backwardTransitions, std::deque<Block*>& splitterQueue);
/*!
* Determines the split offsets in the given block.
*
* @param block The block that is to be analyzed for splits.
* @param partition The partition that contains the block.
*/
std::vector<uint_fast64_t> getSplitPointsWeak(Block& block, Partition& partition);
/*!
* Builds the quotient model based on the previously computed equivalence classes (stored in the blocks
* of the decomposition.
*
* @param model The model whose state space was used for computing the equivalence classes. This is used for
* determining the transitions of each equivalence class.
* @param selectedAtomicPropositions The set of atomic propositions that was considered by the bisimulation.
* The quotient will only have these atomic propositions.
* @param partition The previously computed partition. This is used for quickly retrieving the block of a
* state.
* @param bisimulationType The kind of bisimulation that is to be computed.
*/
template<typename ModelType>
void buildQuotient(ModelType const& model, std::set<std::string> const& selectedAtomicPropositions, Partition const& partition, BisimulationType bisimulationType, bool keepRewards);
/*!
* Creates the measure-driven initial partition for reaching psi states from phi states.
*
* @param model The model whose state space is partitioned based on reachability of psi states from phi
* states.
* @param backwardTransitions The backward transitions of the model.
* @param phiStates The phi states in the model.
* @param psiStates The psi states in the model.
* @param bisimulationType The kind of bisimulation that is to be computed.
* @param bounded If set to true, the initial partition will be chosen in such a way that preserves bounded
* reachability queries.
* @return The resulting partition.
*/
template<typename ModelType>
Partition getMeasureDrivenInitialPartition(ModelType const& model, storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType> const& backwardTransitions, storm::storage::BitVector const& phiStates, storm::storage::BitVector const& psiStates, BisimulationType bisimulationType, bool keepRewards = true, bool bounded = false);
/*!
* Creates the initial partition based on all the labels in the given model.
*
* @param model The model whose state space is partitioned based on its labels.
* @param backwardTransitions The backward transitions of the model.
* @param bisimulationType The kind of bisimulation that is to be computed.
* @param atomicPropositions The set of atomic propositions to respect. If not given, then all atomic
* propositions of the model are respected.
* @return The resulting partition.
*/
template<typename ModelType>
Partition getLabelBasedInitialPartition(ModelType const& model, storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType> const& backwardTransitions, BisimulationType bisimulationType, boost::optional<std::set<std::string>> const& atomicPropositions = boost::optional<std::set<std::string>>(), bool keepRewards = true);
/*!
* Splits all blocks of the given partition into a block that contains all divergent states and another block
* containing the non-divergent states.
*
* @param model The model from which to look-up the probabilities.
* @param backwardTransitions The backward transitions of the model.
* @param partition The partition that holds the silent probabilities.
*/
template<typename ModelType>
void splitOffDivergentStates(ModelType const& model, storm::storage::SparseMatrix<ValueType> const& backwardTransitions, Partition& partition);
/*!
* Initializes the silent probabilities by traversing all blocks and adding the probability of going to
* the very own equivalence class for each state.
*
* @param model The model from which to look-up the probabilities.
* @param partition The partition that holds the silent probabilities.
*/
template<typename ModelType>
void initializeSilentProbabilities(ModelType const& model, Partition& partition);
/*!
* Splits all blocks of the partition in a way such that the states of each block agree on the rewards.
*
* @param model The model from which to look-up the rewards.
* @param partition The partition that is to be split.
*/
template<typename ModelType>
void splitRewards(ModelType const& model, Partition& partition);
// If required, a quotient model is built and stored in this member.
std::shared_ptr<storm::models::AbstractDeterministicModel<ValueType>> quotient;
// A comparator that is used for determining whether two probabilities are considered to be equal.
storm::utility::ConstantsComparator<ValueType> comparator;
};
}
}
#endif /* STORM_STORAGE_DeterministicModelBisimulationDecomposition_H_ */