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								<!-- Created by texi2html 1.56k from cln.texi on 5 May 2000 -->
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								<TITLE>CLN, a Class Library for Numbers - 6. Rings</TITLE>
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								<H1><A NAME="SEC48" HREF="cln_toc.html#TOC48">6. Rings</A></H1>
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								<P>
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								CLN has a class of abstract rings.
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								<PRE>
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								                         Ring
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								                       cl_ring
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								                      <cl_ring.h>
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								</PRE>
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								Rings can be compared for equality:
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								<DL COMPACT>
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								<DT><CODE>bool operator== (const cl_ring&, const cl_ring&)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>bool operator!= (const cl_ring&, const cl_ring&)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								These compare two rings for equality.
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								</DL>
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								<P>
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								Given a ring <CODE>R</CODE>, the following members can be used.
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								<DL COMPACT>
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								<DT><CODE>void R->fprint (cl_ostream stream, const cl_ring_element& x)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_boolean R->equal (const cl_ring_element& x, const cl_ring_element& y)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_ring_element R->zero ()</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_boolean R->zerop (const cl_ring_element& x)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_ring_element R->plus (const cl_ring_element& x, const cl_ring_element& y)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_ring_element R->minus (const cl_ring_element& x, const cl_ring_element& y)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_ring_element R->uminus (const cl_ring_element& x)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_ring_element R->one ()</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_ring_element R->canonhom (const cl_I& x)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_ring_element R->mul (const cl_ring_element& x, const cl_ring_element& y)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_ring_element R->square (const cl_ring_element& x)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_ring_element R->expt_pos (const cl_ring_element& x, const cl_I& y)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								</DL>
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								The following rings are built-in.
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								<DL COMPACT>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_null_ring cl_0_ring</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								The null ring, containing only zero.
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								<DT><CODE>cl_complex_ring cl_C_ring</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								The ring of complex numbers. This corresponds to the type <CODE>cl_N</CODE>.
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								<DT><CODE>cl_real_ring cl_R_ring</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								The ring of real numbers. This corresponds to the type <CODE>cl_R</CODE>.
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								<DT><CODE>cl_rational_ring cl_RA_ring</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								The ring of rational numbers. This corresponds to the type <CODE>cl_RA</CODE>.
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								<DT><CODE>cl_integer_ring cl_I_ring</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								The ring of integers. This corresponds to the type <CODE>cl_I</CODE>.
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								</DL>
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								Type tests can be performed for any of <CODE>cl_C_ring</CODE>, <CODE>cl_R_ring</CODE>,
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								<CODE>cl_RA_ring</CODE>, <CODE>cl_I_ring</CODE>:
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								<DL COMPACT>
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								<DT><CODE>cl_boolean instanceof (const cl_number& x, const cl_number_ring& R)</CODE>
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								<DD>
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								Tests whether the given number is an element of the number ring R.
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								</DL>
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