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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<!-- Created by texi2html 1.56k from cln.texi on 28 August 2000 -->
<TITLE>CLN, a Class Library for Numbers - 1. Introduction</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Go to the first, previous, <A HREF="cln_2.html">next</A>, <A HREF="cln_13.html">last</A> section, <A HREF="cln_toc.html">table of contents</A>.
<P><HR><P>
<H1><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="cln_toc.html#TOC1">1. Introduction</A></H1>
<P>
CLN is a library for computations with all kinds of numbers.
It has a rich set of number classes:
<UL>
<LI>
Integers (with unlimited precision),
<LI>
Rational numbers,
<LI>
Floating-point numbers:
<UL>
<LI>
Short float,
<LI>
Single float,
<LI>
Double float,
<LI>
Long float (with unlimited precision),
</UL>
<LI>
Complex numbers,
<LI>
Modular integers (integers modulo a fixed integer),
<LI>
Univariate polynomials.
</UL>
<P>
The subtypes of the complex numbers among these are exactly the
types of numbers known to the Common Lisp language. Therefore
<CODE>CLN</CODE> can be used for Common Lisp implementations, giving
<SAMP>`CLN'</SAMP> another meaning: it becomes an abbreviation of
"Common Lisp Numbers".
<P>
The CLN package implements
<UL>
<LI>
Elementary functions (<CODE>+</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE>, <CODE>*</CODE>, <CODE>/</CODE>, <CODE>sqrt</CODE>,
comparisons, ...),
<LI>
Logical functions (logical <CODE>and</CODE>, <CODE>or</CODE>, <CODE>not</CODE>, ...),
<LI>
Transcendental functions (exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, hyperbolic
functions and their inverse functions).
</UL>
<P>
CLN is a C++ library. Using C++ as an implementation language provides
<UL>
<LI>
efficiency: it compiles to machine code,
<LI>
type safety: the C++ compiler knows about the number types and complains
if, for example, you try to assign a float to an integer variable.
<LI>
algebraic syntax: You can use the <CODE>+</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE>, <CODE>*</CODE>, <CODE>=</CODE>,
<CODE>==</CODE>, ... operators as in C or C++.
</UL>
<P>
CLN is memory efficient:
<UL>
<LI>
Small integers and short floats are immediate, not heap allocated.
<LI>
Heap-allocated memory is reclaimed through an automatic, non-interruptive
garbage collection.
</UL>
<P>
CLN is speed efficient:
<UL>
<LI>
The kernel of CLN has been written in assembly language for some CPUs
(<CODE>i386</CODE>, <CODE>m68k</CODE>, <CODE>sparc</CODE>, <CODE>mips</CODE>, <CODE>arm</CODE>).
<LI>
<A NAME="IDX1"></A>
On all CPUs, CLN may be configured to use the superefficient low-level
routines from GNU GMP version 3.
<LI>
It uses Karatsuba multiplication, which is significantly faster
for large numbers than the standard multiplication algorithm.
<LI>
For very large numbers (more than 12000 decimal digits), it uses
Schönhage-Strassen
<A NAME="IDX2"></A>
multiplication, which is an asymptotically optimal multiplication
algorithm, for multiplication, division and radix conversion.
</UL>
<P>
CLN aims at being easily integrated into larger software packages:
<UL>
<LI>
The garbage collection imposes no burden on the main application.
<LI>
The library provides hooks for memory allocation and exceptions.
<LI>
<A NAME="IDX3"></A>
All non-macro identifiers are hidden in namespace <CODE>cln</CODE> in
order to avoid name clashes.
</UL>
<P><HR><P>
Go to the first, previous, <A HREF="cln_2.html">next</A>, <A HREF="cln_13.html">last</A> section, <A HREF="cln_toc.html">table of contents</A>.
</BODY>
</HTML>

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cln_mirror/include/cln/dfloat_io.h

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// I/O of dfloats.
#ifndef _CL_DFLOAT_IO_H
#define _CL_DFLOAT_IO_H
#include "cln/number_io.h"
#include "cln/dfloat.h"
namespace cln {
inline std::istream& operator>> (std::istream& stream, cl_DF& result)
{
extern cl_read_flags cl_DF_read_flags;
extern const cl_F read_float (std::istream&, const cl_read_flags&);
result = As(cl_DF)(read_float(stream,cl_DF_read_flags));
return stream;
}
// The following does strictly the same as the general `fprint' for floats.
// It is here only so that people don't need to include <cln/float_io.h>.
inline void fprint (std::ostream& stream, const cl_DF& x)
{
extern void print_float (std::ostream& stream, const cl_print_flags& flags, const cl_F& z);
extern cl_print_flags default_print_flags;
print_float(stream,default_print_flags,x);
}
CL_DEFINE_PRINT_OPERATOR(cl_DF)
} // namespace cln
#endif /* _CL_DFLOAT_IO_H */
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